Advances in planetary robotics have led to wheeled robots that have beamed back invaluable science data from the surface of the Moon and Mars. However, these large wheeled robots are unable to access rugged environments such as cliffs, canyons and crater walls that contain exposed rock-faces and are geological time-capsules into the early Moon and Mars. We have proposed the SphereX robot with a...

intraperitoneal (ip) injection of bupropion (3,6, amine (4,16 mg kg•&apos;) induced dose-dependent climbing in mice. the climbing response induced by both drugs were decreased in animals pretreated either with the 0-1 antagonist sch 233<)0 or the 0-2 antagonist sulpiride. the α-adrenoceptor blocker phenoxybenzamine decreased the climbing induced by both bupropion and amphetamine, but the β-adre...

The English Lake District played a key role in British rock climbing and is arguably the place where first separated from mountaineering 1880s. This article sets its origins wider context of Alpinism. It then explains attractions to early climbers ways locations which emerged as participants exploited landscape create innovative challenges that were their enjoyment. provides rich detail on how ...

The comfort zone model is widespread within adventure education literature. It is based on the belief that when placed in a stressful situation people will respond by overcoming their fear and therefore grow as individuals. This model is often presented to participants prior to activities with a highly perceived sense of risk and challenge which arouses strong emotional and physical responses t...