Phleomycin induced DNA breakage was investigated with superhelical Col. E1 DNA and linear T2 DNA as well. In both DNA-forms besides single-strand breaks direct double-strand breaks were produced by the drug. The double-strand breakage rate obtained after treatment with phleomycin, however, was considerably smaller than that found after bleomycin treatment. Whereas the single- and double-strand ...

When using the explicit dynamic relaxation approach (DRA) to model quasi-static rock breakage, fragmentation, and flow problems, especially top-coal caving question, introducing numerical damping into solution equation is inevitable for reducing vibration frequency impact speed of mesh nodes, which significantly affect fidelity computation results. Although DRA has been widely adopted simulate ...

Abrasive wear resulting from the microclastic rock is a common failure phenomenon in drilling environment that often limits sealing ability and service life of seals. In this study, friction process fluoro rubber (FKM) seals against 304 stainless steel (SS304) after one single entry SiO2 abrasives were investigated. The influence changes particle state on coefficient evolution, loss morphologie...

Particle breakage in stirred vessels is usually modeled using population balance equations (PBEs) to describe the evolution in particle size with time. Although shape has a strong effect on the particle properties and hence the product quality, changes in the particle shape distribution are typically neglected. To account for changes in both size and shape simultaneously, a multivariate populat...

Population balances represent an effective framework for the analysis of rate processes in dispersed phase systems. Mainly, they are able to account for the dynamics of the dispersed phase because of particle breakup and agglomeration while concurrently accounting for the rate processes in single particles. The effectiveness of this framework depends on whether particle phenomena (such as break...

Programmed chromosome breakage occurs at 50-200 specific sites in the genome of Tetrahymena thermo-phila during somatic nuclear (macronuclear) differentiation. Previous studies have identified a 15 bp sequence, the Cbs (for chromosome breakage sequence), that is necessary and sufficient to specify these sites. In this study we determined the effects of mutations in the Cbs on its ability to spe...