Introduction: Clay minerals are the most common alteration products of water-rock-gas interactions on Earth. Because these hydrous alteration minerals are thermodynamically stable over a wide range of P-T-x conditions [1], significant amounts of clay may have also formed in Martian environments where liquid water or water vapor was present. It has been speculated that liquid water or vapor may ...

Organic geochemical evaluation of the Madbi Formation as the main source rock of the Al-Jawf Basin, NE Central Yemen was the main objective of this study. The organic geochemical methods used in the study include: rock-eval pyrolysis, total organic carbon, and optical measurements as the vitrinite reflectance and thermal alteration index. In this study, 67 well core and side-well core samples o...

Introduction: Orbiter and lander/rover studies of Mars' surface have identified and provided preliminary characterization of surficial materials including igne-ous and sedimentary rocks, possible volcaniclas-tic/pyroclastic rocks, and unconsolidated sediment. Some surfaces expose unaltered anhydrous silicates (militating against extensive interactions with water), but most results (including st...

Studying the activation, migration and precipitation processes of ore-forming elements is essential for understanding genesis mechanisms skarn deposits. A typical profile formed by intrusion Yanshanian granodiorite into Carboniferous carbonate strata was studied. The highly consistent with classic profile, ranging from intrusion, weak alteration belt, belt (inner outer belt) mineralization (mai...

A suite of submarine volcanic rocks from the Southern Chile Ridge has been examined in order to investigate the early Ž . stages of low temperature alteration. Alteration in these samples proceeded as follows: 1 Fe-staining on sample surface and Ž . Ž . Ž . along fractures, 2 filling of vesicles with secondary material, 3 breakdown of glassy matrix, 4 breakdown of Ž . microcrystalline matrix, a...

High concentrations of acid were found to arise from the interaction between molten rock and seawater at the shoreline of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. A series of field samplings and experiments show that the acid was derived from two sources: the release of magmatic volatiles and water–rock reactions. Although the bulk of the magmatic volatiles (CO2, H2O, and SO2) are vented at Puu Oo cinder cone ...