Multiple functions of methyl-deficient tRNAMet, including those specific for initiator tRNA, were investigated and compared with normal tRNAMet. A comparison of the chromatographic properties of normal and methyl-deficient methionyl-tRNA showed identical elution profiles on methylated albumin-Kieselguhr, benzoylated o-(diethylaminoethyl)cellulose, and reverse phase chromatography (isoamylacetat...

An enzyme preparation from rabbit muscle catalyzes the incorporation of uridine monophosphate into the terminal nucleotide sequence of yeast amino acid transfer ribonucleic acid. Reactants are UTP, Mg++, and transfer RNA which has been partially digested with snake venom phosphodiesterase. Some characteristics of the incorporation system are presented. Incorporation of UMP into tranfer RNA rath...

Peptidyl transfer of a growing peptide on a ribosome-bound transfer RNA (tRNA) to an incoming amino acyl tRNA is the central step in translation, and it may be catalyzed primarily by the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Genetic and biochemical evidence suggests that the central loop of domain V of the LSU rRNA plays a direct role in peptidyl transfer. It was previously found that a sin...

Aminoacylation of tRNA is an essential event in the translation system. Although in the modern system protein enzymes play the sole role in tRNA aminoacylation, in the primitive translation system RNA molecules could have catalysed aminoacylation onto tRNA or tRNA-like molecules. Even though such RNA enzymes so far are not identified from known organisms, in vitro selection has generated such R...

The objective was to characterize naturally occurring circulating transfer RNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) in cattle. Serum from eight clinically normal adult dairy cows was collected, and small non-coding RNAs were extracted immediately after collection and sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Sequences aligned to transfer RNA (tRNA) genes or their flanking sequences were characterized. Sequences ali...

This paper presents evidence suggesting that methionyltRNAp is the initiator tRNA for hemoglobin biosynthesis. Our experimental approach was as follows. If the mechanism of mammalian protein synthesis is similar to the mechanism in bacteria, then a tRNA species should be present in the cytoplasm of reticulocytes which has the unique property of being recognized only by its own "initiation" fact...