In many ways, sediment transport dynamics in mountain environments differ from those of the lowlands. The high relief and the steep slopes are an obvious feature of mountain areas. The cold climate is another factor controlling runoff and erosional processes, and the distribution of vegetation is also controlled by the prevailing climate. Above the tree line, processes of erosion are more inten...

Biological water quality changes in two Mediterranean river basins from a network of 42 sampling sites assessed since 1979 are presented. In order to characterize the biological quality, the index FBILL, designed to characterize these rivers’ quality using aquatic macroinvertebrates, is used. When comparing the data from recent years to older ones, only two headwater sites from the 42 had impro...

Eutrophication of coastal oceans as a result of the delivery of excess nutrients by rivers is a critical environmental issue on local, regional, and global scale. Japanese agriculture has created high nitrogen surpluses in agricultural lands due to the increasing rate of chemical fertilizer application and the increase of livestock. In this study, to estimate the nitrogen load exported to Koise...

This is the first global assessment of nitrogen-related water pollution in river basins with a specification of the pollution by economic sector, and by crop for the agricultural sector. At a spatial resolution of 5 by 5 arc minute, we estimate anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loads to freshwater, calculate the resultant gray water footprints (GWFs), and relate the GWFs per river basin to runoff to c...

[1] Diurnal cycles in snow-fed streams provide a useful technique for measuring the time it takes water to travel from the top of the snowpack, where snowmelt typically peaks in the afternoon, to the river gauge, where the daily maximum flows may arrive many hours later. Hourly stage measurements in nested subbasins (6–775 km) of the Tuolumne River in Yosemite National Park illustrate travel ti...

The Middle Fork Salmon River watershed spans high-elevation mixed-conifer forests to lowerelevation shrub-steppe. In recent decades, runoff from severely burned hillslopes has generated large debris flows in steep tributary drainages. These flows incised alluvial fans along the mainstem river, where charcoal-rich debris-flow and sheetflood deposits preserve a record of latest Pleistocene to Hol...

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was employed to characterize species and populations of Astyanax, a Neotropical freshwater fish genus. Samples of five species, A. altiparanae, A. fasciatus, A. lacustris, A. scabripinnis paranae and A. schubarti, from the Upper Paraná and São Francisco river basins were analyzed. Two out of the ten restrictio...

The target basins of this project are located in the Mekong River Basin across the toposequence (northern Thailand, northeast Thailand, Mekong Delta in Vietnam). An additional site is located in Bhutan. In these basins, diverse stakeholders with differing perceptions of water dynamics adopt various strategies to cope with the problems. There is a need, therefore, to understand the factors influ...

classification trees (j48) were induced to predict the habitat requirements of tench (tinca tinca). 306 datasets were used for the given fish during 8 years in the river basins in flanders (belgium). the input variables consisted of the structural-habitat (width, depth, gradient slope and distance from the source) and physic chemical (ph, dissolved oxygen, water temperature and electric conduct...