The accelerating trend toward Faster, Better, Cheaper (FEE) missions places increasing emphas is on the trade-offs between requirements and risk to reduce cost and development times, while still improving quality and reliability. The Risk/Requirenlents Trade-off Guidelines discussed in this paper are part of an integrated approach to address the main issues by focusing on the sum of prevention,...

This paper investigates the impact of the US and China’s foreign aids to Africa on trade flows between donor and recipient countries. Evidence from the gravity model estimates reveals that the two donors’ exports are strengthened by their aids to African partners. Interestingly, China’s aid shows a positive effect on its total volume of trade and imports from Africa, while the aid from the US e...