Background: Vitamin D status in pregnancy and offspring bone health effects are well established, yet limited knowledge exists on the effect of maternal vitamin D status on offspring size/adiposity. This study examines the association of early (13 weeks), late (28 weeks) pregnancy and neonatal (umbilical) 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) on offspring size/adiposity. Methods: This analysis included m...

Introduction Low birth weight (LBW) is the most common cause of neonatal death in developing countries. The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with low birth weight in Ardabil, Iranfrom 2010 to 2011.Methods In a case–control study all live newborns were weighted without clothing using a standard calibrated scale. Gestational age was calculated usi...

early warning systems are key components of strategies to reduce risk. this research, by adopting a systematic approach in the management of the risk of desertification and by including previously developed models and systems, offers an integrated efficient structure in terms of early warning for the risk of desertification as a pilot system for semi-arid areas of west golestan province in iran...

Hereditary breast cancer shows a distinctive natural history characterised by an earlier age of onset, excess bilaterality, vertical transmission, heterogeneous tumour associations, and improved survival when compared to its sporadic counterpart. To date, very little attention has been given to interrelationships between breast cancer risk factors and genetics. In the general population, early ...

Excessive cytokine inflammatory response due to chronic or superphysiological level of microbial infection during pregnancy leads to pregnancy complications such as early pregnancy defects/loss and preterm birth. Bacterial toxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), long recognized as a potent proinflammatory mediator, has been identified as a risk factor for pregnancy complications. Alkaline phosphatase (...

CONTEXT The siblings of teenage parents are known to be at very high risk of teenage pregnancy, but little is known about how an older sister's childbearing affects a younger sibling's risk. Understanding these influences could help address the very high rates of pregnancy and childbearing among Latino adolescents. METHODS From 2005 through 2007, a sample of 41 Mexican American 12-18-year-old...