BACKGROUND Several risk factors for complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy have been reported. However, the impact of intraoperative bacterial contamination on surgical outcome after pancreaticoduodenectomy has not been examined in depth. METHODS This retrospective study included patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy and peritoneal lavage using 7000 ml saline between July 2012 a...

The challenges of clinical screening of cancer risk reductive interventions ("chemopreventive") have slowed progress in deployment of therapeutics to reverse or delay the carcinogenesis process. The preoperative or window-of-opportunity design clinical trial design enrolls subjects rapidly, has short study periods, and quantifies tissue biomarkers that reflect both anti-carcinogenesis mechanism...

BACKGROUND It is important to identify patients who are at risk for infections with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria in order to reduce mortality, to avoid spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals, and to minimize the number of patients receiving unnecessary treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A case-control survey among Swedish patients was performed at Skåne Uni...

Parker and her colleagues begin their chapter with a fundamental question, i.e., what is the nature of aversion learning. Specifically, they describe the early work of Garcia and his colleagues who interpreted the avoidance of taste associated with various toxic treatments to be a function of conditioned nausea or conditioned disgust. According to this interpretation, the association between th...

On pr imary isolation from natural sources, bovine tubercle bacilli grow more poorly on ordinary culture media than do human tubercle bacilli. After prolonged incubation or numerous transfers, however, they often give rise to variants which grow more rapidly (1-4). The primary, slow growing cultures have been called "dysgonic" and the var iant rapidly growing strains "eugonic" (S). The experime...

Participatory Epidemiology (PE) was applied on the Maasai rangeland of northern Tanzania to understand pastoralist’s perceptions of the clinical and epidemiological features of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP). The study was conducted during the period of April 2008 and caprine disease event was directed during the period of July 2006 to June 2007. Participatory methods such as Focus G...

OBJECTIVE To determine the cost effectiveness of strategies for preventing neonatal infection with group B streptococci and other bacteria in the UK and the value of further information from research. DESIGN Use of a decision model to compare the cost effectiveness of prenatal testing for group B streptococcal infection (by polymerase chain reaction or culture), prepartum antibiotic treatment...

BACKGROUND The role of inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease is emerging. We sought to assess the profile and outcomes of patients with a clinical syndrome of severe systemic inflammation that led to a diagnosis of suspected sepsis in the setting of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). METHODS Patients enrolled in the randomized SHOCK (SHould we e...

introduction: gail model is one of the most important models for the evaluation of breast cancer risk between us white females. according to genetic diversity, there is a possibility of affecting the efficiency of the gail model in risk assessment of breast cancer among iranian populations. in this study, the gail model efficiency in specifying the risk of breast cancer in iranian population wa...