Superposition states of circular currents exciton-polaritons mimic the superconducting flux qubits. The phase a polariton fluid must change by an integer number $2\pi$, when going around ring. If one introduces ${\pi}$-phase delay line in ring, is obliged to propagate clockwise or anticlockwise current reduce total gained over round-trip zero build it up $2\pi$. We show that such $\pi$-delay ca...

Brazil is the world’s largest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), but occurrence and severity diseases such as orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), ring spot (Leptosphaeria sacchari), red rot (Colletotrichum falcatum) could be part several factors limiting its production reason for replacing cultivars. It important to use other forms disease control depending on time required ob...

Pairwise particle interactions arise in diverse physical systems ranging from insect swarms to selfassembly of nanoparticles. This letter develops a fundamental theory for the morphology of patterns in two dimensions which can range from ring and annular states to more complex spot patterns with N-fold symmetry. Many of these patterns have been observed in nature although a general theory has b...