Feeding preference, mating frequency, fecundity, and egg hatch of rice stink bug, Oebalus pugnax (F.), were examined in the laboratory. Adult rice stink bugs were allowed to feed on one of four different food sources including barnyardgrass, dallisgrass, ryegrass, and a new artificial rice flour diet. Initially, a higher percentage of females fed on all food sources than did males. Ryegrass and...

Differences have been shown between ryegrass and fescue within the Festulolium subline introgression family for fructan synthesis, metabolism, and polymer-size traits. It is well-established that there is considerable variation for water-soluble carbohydrate and fructan content within perennial ryegrass. However there is much still to be discovered about the fructan polymer pool in this species...

BACKGROUND Perennial ryegrass is a highly heterozygous outbreeding grass species used for turf and forage production. Heterozygosity can affect de-Bruijn graph assembly making de novo transcriptome assembly of species such as perennial ryegrass challenging. Creating a reference transcriptome from a homozygous perennial ryegrass genotype can circumvent the challenge of heterozygosity. The goals ...

Calcium water treatment residue (Ca-WTR), an industrial by-product, was found to be effective in decreasing Cu availability in contaminated soils and transport to the environment. In this study, a greenhouse study was conducted to test the ability of Ca-WTR to reduce the toxicity and uptake of Cu by ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) as indicator crop plants in Cu-cont...

The reaction of ingested forage plant fragments to the rumen environment may contribute to the rapid degradation of plant cell contents in the rumen. A series of experiments were used to explore the hypothesis that plant-mediated proteolysis (PMP) contributes to N loss from fresh forage entering the rumen, and to investigate the potential for identifying cultivars with reduced PMP. During an in...

Direct-infusion mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to study the metabolic effects of the symbiosis between the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii and its host perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in three different tissues (immature leaf, blade, and sheath). Unbiased direct-infusion MS using a linear ion trap mass spectrometer allowed metabolic effects to be determined free of any preconceptio...

Pinus radiata D. Don is an important tree in New Zealand where it is widely grown for timber and, to a lesser extent, in association with pasture species. In pure stands of P. radiata in Canterbury, poor development of undergrowth may in part be caused by volatile inhibitory substances released from the decomposing litter. In previous work it was shown that vapour from incubated P. radiata litt...

OBJECTIVE Four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from common vetch, tall fescue and perennial ryegrass on the Tibetan Plateau were characterized, and their effects on the fermentation quality of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) silage were studied. METHODS The four isolated strains and one commercial inoculant (G, Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1) were evaluated using the aci...

Seed production of annual weeds persisting through cropping phases replenishes/establishes viable seed banks from which these weeds will continue to interfere with crop production. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) systems are now viewed as an effective means of interrupting this process by targeting mature weed seed, preventing seed bank inputs. However, the efficacy of these systems is directl...

'Surrey' ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) has produced well in clipping yield trials across Louisiana, but yield trials do not always predict how well the forage supports performance under grazing conditions. This trial compared Surrey ryegrass with 'Marshall' ryegrass grazed continuously or rotationally. Two pastures of Surrey and two pastures of Marshall that had been subdivided into six pa...