The paper presents the experiences made with the design and implementation of the PEACE message-passing kernel. PEACE is the object-oriented parallel operating system developed for the MANNA parallel computer. MANNA is a dual-processor-node distributed-memory machine using crossbar technology for node interconnection. Performance figures of the PEACE kernel configurations are presented and thei...

Peace is the parallel operating system developed for Suprenum. Originally designed as object-based operating system relying on a microker-nel, in the meantime an evolutionary change toward object orientation took place. Based on a kernel family, this new generation Peace system was designed to act as \software backplane" for parallel computing. The rationale for this metamorphosis is presented,...

Once a set of civil war actors reach a final peace agreement, a number of different implementation sequences are possible as the negotiated provisions are put into practice. We focus on a key but threatening stepping stone in the post-accord period—the holding of the first post-accord election—which has the capacity to be a stabilizing or destabilizing force. We identify effective accommodation...

We consider the conditions of peace and violence among ethnic groups, testing a theory designed to predict the locations of violence and interventions that can promote peace. Characterizing the model's success in predicting peace requires examples where peace prevails despite diversity. Switzerland is recognized as a country of peace, stability and prosperity. This is surprising because of its ...

Education Vouchers: The Right to Choose or to Own? M. H. Hassani Shalmaani, Ph.D. Using education vouchers is one way of increasing parental access to schools and hence, creating rightful choices for them in regard to schools. Since such rights require governmental cooperation, it is necessary to delineate the boundaries of parental rights in order to clarify if the parents have s...

Achieving peace and building the institutions that will make it last require much time and e¤ort on the part of adversaries. While making this e¤ort, the likelihood of peace is uncertain and preparations forcon‡ict are on-going. We examine a setting that takes such considerations into account. Adversaries divide their resources between “guns,”“butter,” and investments in con‡ict management. Eve...

elements include: “no war”, “peace”, “no conflict”, “harmony”, “living happily”, etc. AE1 = “no war”, AE2 = “peace”, AE3 = “no conflict”, AE4 = “harmony”, AE5 = “living happily”, etc. Partial meaning mapping based on the symbol of peace. Peace = “dove” and “symbol by Gerald Holtom”, “the broken riffle”, Harmony = “many” and, etc. M11 = (“peace”, “dove”), M12 = (“peace”, “symbol by Gerald Holtom...

Abstract The ECtHR’s ruling in ES v Austria raises questions about the Court’s methodology blasphemy cases. ECtHR interprets Article 9 of Convention as including a right to respect for religious feelings and presumes that ‘justified indignation’ may disrupt ‘religious peace’. Therefore, expression counting ‘gratuitously offensive’ is not granted protection under 10. es reveals certain problems ...

Over 1,650 participants from 94 countries came together in Florence from 9-14 November 2014 for the 18 General Assembly of the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). 1300 technical proposals and the exchange between heritage specialists have culminated in the following Declaration of principles and recommendations on the value of cultural heritage and landscapes for promoting pe...