The spiral modiolar artery with its proximal branches and the microvessels in the spiral ligament and the stria vascularis were microdissected from the guinea pig cochlea. After incubation with proteolytic and collagenolytic enzymes the mixed cell suspension was fractionated by gradient centrifugation. The cells migrated according to their buoyant densities into the fractions of 1.04 g/ml (endo...

Reactions of ethylidenethiocarbohydrazide with hydrazonoyl halides gave 1,3-thiazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives according to the type of hydrazonoyl halides. Treatment of ethylidenethiosemicarbazide with hydrazonoyl halides and dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) afforded the corresponding arylazothiazoles and 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives, respectively. The structures of the synth...

Multidrug resistance is a phenomenon that cancer cells develop a cross-resistant phenotype against several unrelated drugs, and permeability glycoprotein derived from the overexpression of multidrug resistance gene 1 has been taken as the most significant cause of multidrug resistance. In the present study, ginsenoside Rh2 was used to reverse permeability glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resista...

The principle of a multiple wavelength illumination method for flow cytometers, based upon a combination of a helium-neon laser and an arc lamp as illumination sources is described. By using a prism, the light from the arc lamp is dispersed and the different colors are imaged at different places on the sample stream. The small angle light scattering from the helium-neon laser light is measured ...

Cellular drug resistance, which involves several mechanisms such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overexpression, kinetic and metabolic quiescence, or the increase in the intracellular levels of glutathione, limits the effectiveness of cancer treatment. It has been reported that functional assessment of the cationic dye rhodamin 123 (Rho123) efflux reveals accurately the drug-resistant phenotype. To st...

For an improved understanding of the relevant particle features for cutaneous use, we studied the effect of the surface charge of acrylic nanocapsules (around 150nm) and the effect of a chitosan gel vehicle on the particle penetration into normal and stripped human skin ex vivo as well as local tolerability (cytotoxicity and irritancy). Rhodamin-tagged nanocapsules penetrated and remained in th...

PURPOSE P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a major role in oral absorption of drugs. Induction or inhibition of P-gp by drugs contributes to variability of its transport activity and often results in clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cetirizine, a second generation H1 antihistamine, on P-gp function and expression in vitro and in sit...

background: flow cytometry is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for determination of bacterial viability. here we assayed the capability of flow cytometry to detect helicobacter pylori viable cells in both forms of spiral and coccoid. methods: viable bacteria stained with rhodamin 123 and fluoresced with laser beam of 488nm. the rate of rh123 absorption was determined in both forms of bac...

OBJECTIVES Estrogen has been shown to play an important protective role in non-reproductive systems, such as the cardiovascular system. Our aim was to observe gender differences in vivo with regard to the increase in macromolecular permeability and leukocyte-endothelium interaction induced by ischemia/reperfusion as well as in microvascular reactivity to vasoactive substances using the hamster ...

Radiation resistant bacteria have adopted a variety of ingenious strategies for survival under the high dose of radiation, for example through their pigments. In the present study, two ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation tolerant bacteria, named NM1 and NM3 strains, were isolated from the industrial waste and soil that identified by the molecular analysis. Survival assay of irradiated bacteria was pe...