Restoration of ecological function to abandoned agricultural fields managed for forested ecosystems through afforestation can be measured in various ways. One underutilized method is to chart the progress of known predator-prey-parasitoid systems, and assess the development toward equilibrium of these systems across the forest restoration site. We study the development of the balancing selectio...

For Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulblets produced by scale propagation, the effects of cold treatments on sprouting and development were studied. The results showed that 5 °C was a more suitable temperature than 2 or 10 °C. Bulblets treated at for 3 weeks presented best uniformity seedling emergence, rate 100%. Moreover, largest bulbs observed in this treatment after growing season. It found l...

Context Some populations of introduced species cause significant undesirable impacts but can also act as reservoirs for genetic diversity. Sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) are ‘Vulnerable’ in their native range and invasive Australia New Zealand. Genetic data be used to determine whether these might serve declining identify spatial units management.Aims We aimed the provenance sambar Zealand, char...