in a series of heterologous immunity studies s. haematobium, s. bovis and o. turkestanicum in calves, a large number of s. haematobium cercariae (21,000 cercariae) were used repeatedly as the immunization agent. at autopsy, 22 weeks after initial exposure, immature s. haematobium was detected. thirteen weeks after initial exposure a group of calves was challenged with s. bovis and another group...

Ziliang Ye,1 Shuang Zhang,1 Yuan Wang,1 Yong-Shik Park,1 Thomas Zentgraf,1 Guy Bartal,1 Xiaobo Yin,1,2 and Xiang Zhang1,2,* 1NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), University of California, 3112 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA (Received 6 January 2012; revised manus...

AIMS Rheum palmatum complex comprises all taxa within section Palmata in the genus Rheum, including R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. tanguticum var. liupanshanense and R. laciniatum. The identification of the taxa in section Palmata is based primarily on the degree of leaf blade dissection and the shape of the lobes; however, difficulties in species identification may arise from th...

graphic assessment of synovitis and joint vascularity with radiographic evaluation in randomized, placebo-controlled study of infliximab therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2004;50:1107–16. 7. Filippucci E, Farina A, Carotti M, Salaffi F, Grassi W. Grey scale and power Doppler sonographic changes induced by intra-articular steroid injection treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:74...

'Rheum' comes from the Greek-a 'watery discharge' (OED)-and rheumatological literature as we scan it today has had two main historical sources for its now ever faster running river of words: (a) the spa waters and hydrology from the Middle Ages onward, beautifully illustrated in mediaeval woodcuts, and (b) the more modern mainstream of general medicine itself, even more widely and more strongly...

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1. Zochling J, van der Heijde D, Burgos-Vargas R, Collantes E, Davis Jr JC, Dijkmans B, et al. ASAS/EULAR recommendations for themanagement of ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:442–52. 2. Kobayashi S,HarigaiM,MozaffarianN,PanganAL, SharmaS,BrownLS, et al. Amulticenter, open-label, efficacy, pharmacokinetic, and safety studyof adalimumab in Japanese patientswith ankylosing spondylit...