Although thermal desalination technology provides potable water in arid regions (e.g., Israel and the Gulf), its relatively high cost has limited application to less arid regions with large populations (e.g., California). Energy-intensive distillation is currently being replaced with less costly pressure- and electrically driven membrane-based processes. Reverse osmosis (RO) is a preferred memb...

This paper summarizes a study of the economic and environmental performance of Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination powered mainly with photovoltaics. It is based on up-to-date cost data for photovoltaic power plants and RO desalination plants. A case study is presented of a plant producing 6550 m water per day on the coast of the Red Sea in Saudi Arabia powered by 3-MWdc PV or HCPV capacities. We...

Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane separation technology that has been studied in recent years for application in water treatment and desalination. It can best be utilized as an advanced pretreatment for desalination processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) to protect the membranes from scaling and fouling. In the current study the rejection of trace organic compounds (TOr...

Abstract Our previously reported exploration (Journal of Membrane Science 565 (2018) 241–253) on the differences between fouling in reverse osmosis (RO) and forward (FO), used alginate as a foulant with initial conditions that ensured starting fluxes were same. That study found for cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane extent fouling, based analysis resistance, was greater when part FO system. He...

Abstract Background In this work, an economic study for production reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from a blend of polyvinylchloride (PVC) with cellulose acetate (CA) was investigated. The model predicting RO performance developed based on laboratory experimental data. conducted to investigate the feasibility producing polyvinylchloride/cellulose (PVC/CA) using large-scale batch casting machine a...

Observing the nanoporous structure inside membranes has been one of greatest challenges in membrane research, and many recent studies have employed positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, among other methods, to gain structural insights. In this report, we demonstrate significant potential Raman spectroscopy for investigating under situ conditions. Sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) ce...

This study compares the performance of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for reclamation ultrafiltered municipal wastewater irrigation food crops. RO NF technologies were evaluated at different applied pressures; each technology was in terms water flux, recovery rate, specific energy consumption quality permeate. It found that permeate from process complied with Food Agriculture Orga...

This work addresses the polygeneration concept integrating concentrating solar power (CSP) with an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) to produce electricity and drinking water by hybrid desalination process combining reverse osmosis (RO) low-temperature multi-effect distillation (LTMED). Experiments carried out on a bench scale RO pilot led determine optimal operating parameters as well options mitiga...