iran's economy dependence on oil revenues has caused some impacts in the form of commodity price fluctuations on current revenues. accordingly, in the past few years especially in the second development plan, the government included encouragements and reduced the country's dependence on oil revenues in its agenda. agricultural export, especially livestock and poultry export has a proper status ...

Sports leagues constitute one of the few examples of legally operating cartels. In this paper I examine how gate revenue sharing may serve to coordinate talent investments within these cartels. I show that sharing revenues has the potential to raise cartel profits, because it decreases the incentive to invest in playing talent. Leagues consisting of teams with heterogeneous local markets should...

Is There a Commercial Case Timber certification is not expected to provide for Tropical Timber significant commercial Certification? benefits to developing countries in the near future. Revenues from certification Panayotis N. Varangis are limited by the share of Rachel Crossley trade destined for "ecoCarlos A. Primo Braga sensitive" markets and by the size of the "green premium." The costs of ...

Association football is becoming increasingly competitive and the financial stakes involved are causing football clubs and football leagues to become more professional. Over the past 25 years, club budgets have grown enormously due to ticket sale revenues, broadcasting revenues, merchandising, and prize money. Recently, player tracking systems were introduced and are producing overwhelming amou...

Reducing the amount of carbon dioxide Americans pump into the atmosphere will involve economic costs. These costs are larger than previously thought because emissions reduction policies are likely to aggravate economic distortions created by the tax system. But most of this added cost can be avoided if the policy chosen to reduce emissions raises revenues for the government and these revenues a...

Over the last 40 years, starting from being nowhere, Biopharmaceutical drugs have come to occupy a dominant presence in the list of top ten selling drugs globally. Today, worldwide biopharmaceutical revenues are estimated at USD 288 billion, or 23 % of global pharmaceutical industry revenues, and comprise seven of the top ten list of drugs (Table 1). Many of these drugs, particularly monoclonal...

Countries in recession, among them Croatia, have lower tax revenues as a result of unfavorable economic situation, which is decrease of the economic activities and unemployment. The global tax base has decreased. In order to create larger state revenues, states use the institute of tax authorities. By controlling transfer pricing in the international companies and using certain techniques, tax ...

This note demonstrates epsilon equilibria in the first-price auction that achieve lower worst-case expected revenues than the lower bound proposed by Turocy (“Auction Choice for Ambiguity-Averse Sellers Facing Strategic Uncertainty,” Games and Economic Behavior 62, pp. 155–179, 2008). Additionally, it stresses the importance of a careful specification of the action space to properly characteriz...

We construct a new database of extensive margin changes to multiple aspects of corporate tax bases for OECD countries between 1980 and 2004. We use our data to systematically document the tendency of countries to implement policies that both lower the corporate tax rate and broaden the corporate tax base. This correlation informs our interpretation of previous estimates of the relationship betw...