Retrograde coronary artery flow was observed angiographically in 43 patients with aortic stenosis and/or regurgitation. In the 24 patients with pure or predominant aortic stenosis, retrograde flow was seen in all 24 during end-systole. In the eight patients with pure aortic regurgitation, retrograde flow was seen mainly during end-diastole (6/8). Among the 11 patients with stenosis and regurgit...

Aims . We want to find the conditions under which planetary close encounters transform orbits of small Solar System bodies from direct retrograde, and vice versa. Methods derive analytical constraints on orbital elements body that allow direct-retrograde transitions at encounters. check validity with numerical integrations in restricted, circular, three-dimensional three-body problem. Results F...

In animal models of infection, glycoprotein E (gE) is required for efficient herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) spread from the inoculation site to the cell bodies of innervating neurons (retrograde direction). Retrograde spread in vivo is a multistep process, in that HSV-1 first spreads between epithelial cells at the inoculation site, then infects neurites, and finally travels by retrograde ...

Using His bundle recordings and ventricular stimulation retrograde conduction was studied in 57 cases of complete AV block. VA conduction was observed in 13 patients. Of the 13, 12 had AV block distal to H, and during cardiac pacing 5 of them showed a retrograde His bundle potential. In all cases the AV node-His pathway was implicated in the transmission of the retrograde impulse. There was no ...

Background: In percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO), most experts regard the antegrade approach as the default initial strategy, reserving the retrograde approach for reattempts following antegrade failure. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety between the antegrade and retrograde approaches in CTO PCI. Results: Between 2012 and 2013, p...

Retrograde transport is a critical mechanism for recycling certain membrane cargo. Following endocytosis from the plasma membrane, retrograde cargo is moved from early endosomes to Golgi followed by transport (recycling) back to the plasma membrane. The complete molecular and cellular mechanisms of retrograde transport remain unclear. The small GTPase RAB-6.2 mediates the retrograde recycling o...

OBJECTIVE We reviewed the technical changes and results achieved with the retrograde approach since we introduced it 7 years ago. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The subjects were 1,268 patients who were treated for CTO between January 2004 and December 2010. They were investigated with respect to the success rate, the frequency of employing the retrograde approach and its outcome, and other factors. ...

OBJECTIVES Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) has been widely used in the management of the acute biliopancreatic pathology. Nevertheless, controversy remains about the appropriate timing for retrograde cholangiopancreatography. METHODS A retrospective study was undertaken on a consecutive series of 117 patients with acute bil...

JCB • VOLUME 170 • NUMBER 4 • 2005 512 Linking centrosomes and actin entrosomal changes during cell division are relayed to the actin cytoskeleton by the centrosomal protein CP190, report Sasidhar Chodagam, Jordan Raff (Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK), and colleagues. Although CP190 binds to microtubules and was the first centrosomal protein identified in flies, researchers have not detected a...