The main aim of an ideal retrograde filling material is to seal the pathways of communication between surrounding tissues and the root canal system , hence mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA ) which is a biocompatible and a nontoxic material was developed for dentistry. This material allows normal healing response due to the formation of new cementum and bone. Calcium and phosphorus are the main i...

OBJECTIVES An unsuccessful attempt to reach the apical area or to place the retrograde material is a major difficulty in periradicular surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the histological evaluation of the healing process following an orthograde versus a retrograde application of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a root-end filling material during apical surgery on cats' teeth in or...

INTRODUCTION Fasciola hepatica, an endemic parasite common in Iraq and its neighboring countries, is a very rare cause of cholestasis worldwide. Humans can become definitive hosts of this parasite through their ingestion of a contaminated water plant, for example, contaminated watercress. Symptoms of cholestasis may appear suddenly and, in some cases, are preceded by long periods of fever, eosi...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of erbium lasers for retrograde endodontic treatment, in terms of clinical outcome and therapeutic success. BACKGROUND DATA Apicoectomy with retrograde filling is a well-established surgical procedure to treat teeth affected by persistent periapical lesions. The apical root end is generally removed with burs, and the adjacent pe...

Peripheral arterial disease involvement of the superficial femoral artery (SFA) is common. Different endovascular techniques are used successfully for revascularization of this artery. A retrograde approach to chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the SFA through the ipsilateral popliteal artery has been used occasionally if an antegrade approach is not feasible or has failed. Some of the known comp...

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the outcome of surgical endodontic treatment preformed using the traditional versus modern techniques. There were 110 patients who were treated by surgical endodontic treatment between 2000 and 2002 and evaluated from their dental charts. The surgical endodontic treatment was preformed using a traditional or modern technique. The traditional te...

Aim To evaluate the flow, pH and calcium release of white MTA (WMTA), salicylate-based resin root canal sealer (Sealapex; SEAL) SEAL containing 10 (SE10) or 20% (SE20) (w/w) MTA. Methodology Flow test was realized according to ISO 6876 specification. The sealers samples (n= 10) were placed in polyethylene tubes immersed deionized water. After 24 hours 7, 14, 28 days, water determined with a met...