Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are routinely used in medicine and are becoming more popular in economics. Data from RCTs are used to learn about treatment effects of interest. This paper studies what one can learn about the average treatment response (ATR) and average treatment effect (ATE) from RCT data under various assumptions and compares that to using observational data. We find that ...

Validity is an enduring theme in the information systems (IS) domain. However, because much of that discussion draws, at least nominally, on an Empiricist orientation, formulating issues of validity in a way that is pertinent to a practice-oriented discipline has been difficult. This is particularly true for external validity, which refers to the applicability, or relevance, of research to phen...

OBJECTIVE The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Public Health Performance Standards Program (NPHPSP) has developed instruments to measure the performance of local and state public health departments on the 10 "Essential Services of Public Health," which have been tested in several states. This article is a report of the evaluation of the content and criterion validity of the...

Pintrich & De Groot, 1990). Motivational components include students' perceptions of the classroom environment as well as their self-related beliefs such as personal goals, self-efficacy, interest, and value beliefs. Cognitive components include students' content knowledge as well as various cognitive learning strategies such as rehearsal, elaboration, and organization, and metacognitive strate...

background: dysphagia as a common condition affecting many aspects of the patient’s life. the dysphagia handicap index (dhi) is a reliable self-reported questionnaire developed specifically to measure the impact of dysphagia on the patient’s quality of life. the aim of this study was to translate the questionnaire to persian and to measure its validity and reliability in patients with neurogeni...

1. Background In the UK, the NIHR vision sees ‘more patients and health professionals participating in health research’ [1]. Fundamental to health research is the testing of interventions through RCTs. Achieving high participation in RCTs has traditionally been difficult. Published data show that a minority of RCTs recruit successfully [2,3]. Recruitment problems reduce the total recruited samp...

Introduction Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) produce relative treatment effects that have high internal validity. However they may suffer from lack of external validity when used as inputs to cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA). If differences in RCT and CEA populations can be described by a set of observed covariates, then it is possible to adjust for these differences. A common approach is ...

This thesis attempts to describe the necessary steps to program an application to take pictures, organize and process them in order to generate and visualize a three-dimensional colored point cloud. The steps to create the application are explained, using the argumentative logic to every decision and fulfill the stated objective in the best possible way, balancing the available technology and t...

We consider the problem of making efficient qualitytime-cost trade-offs in collaborative crowdsourcing systems in which different skills from multiple workers need to be combined to complete a task. We propose CrowdAsm an approach which helps collaborative crowdsourcing systems determine how to combine the expertise of available workers to maximize the expected quality of results while minimizi...

Elektronické testovanie znalostí a faktory vplyvu na výsledky Didactic test in electronic version presents fast and precise, modern and effective form of feedback from students to teacher. Electronic test, as a highly formalised instrument of evaluation of the students' preparation and knowledge, has its own unique place in the whole education process. The contribution suggests on practical app...