BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES It is widely accepted that typical acute demyelinating lesions in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) exhibit vasogenic edema with increased diffusion, as demonstrated by an increased apparent diffusion coefficient on MRI. In contrast, acute ischemic lesions demonstrate cytotoxic edema with restricted diffusion. Recent reports have documented selected cases o...

We herein report the case of a patient with Wilson disease. The patient underwent echo-planar diffusion MR imaging twice, 1.5 years apart. The lesions were in the putamina and caudate nuclei. At the first examination, undertaken after onset of extrapyramidal symptoms, a restricted diffusion pattern was evident. It is likely that this corresponded to cell swelling caused by the accumulation of c...

A general mathematical basis is developed for computation of the pulsed-gradient spin-echo signal attenuated due to restricted diffusion in multilayered structures (e.g., multiple slabs, cylindrical or spherical shells). Individual layers are characterized by (different) diffusion coefficients and relaxation times, while boundaries between adjacent layers are characterized by (different) permea...

Based on a description introduced by Robertson, Grebenkov recently introduced a powerful formalism to represent the diffusion-attenuated NMR signal for simple pore geometries such as slabs, cylinders, and spheres analytically. In this work, we extend this multiple correlation function formalism by allowing for possible variations in the direction of the magnetic field gradient waveform. This ex...

The "concept of restricted intracellular water diffusion at permeable boundaries", which was recently used to model diffusion-weighted 1H NMR experiments on glioma cells, was applied to measurements on the rat brain in vivo. Combined with the "concept of extracellular tortuosity", various physiological states of the brain were simulated. Hereby, a variable intracellular volume fraction, intrace...

We report the finding of restricted diffusion in an isolated abscess of the clivus and discuss the imaging differential diagnosis, with an emphasis on the usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging.

Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and reduced diffusion (AESD) is a syndrome of encephalopathy characterized by biphasic seizures and altered consciousness in the acute stage followed in the subacute stage by restricted diffusion in the subcortical white matter on magnetic resonance imaging. The etiology of AESD has been attributed to viral infection like influenza A and human herpes ...

OVERVIEW MR Spectroscopy at large diffusion weighting can specifically look at intracellular components of tissue that are characterized by restricted diffusion and a small apparent diffusion coefficient. Beyond water, H MRS of metabolites at large diffusion weighting proved to be very useful to separate extraand intracellular contributions of metabolites in the brain. Further application of di...

Transient CC involvement has been reported in encephalopathies/encephalitis of different etiologies. Here we report 2 patients with AFE, who showed transient pancallosal involvement with restricted diffusion on neuroimaging. Both patients had excellent clinical outcomes: The lesion disappeared completely in 1, though there was mild residual gliosis in the other. Serology for dengue virus was po...

We investigated the mobility of the polar localized serine chemoreceptor, Tsr, labeled by the fluorescent protein Venus in the inner membrane of live Escherichia coli cells at observation rates up to 1000 Hz. A fraction (7%) of all Tsr molecules shows free diffusion over the entire cell surface with an average diffusion coefficient of 0.40 ± 0.01 μm(2) s(-1). The remaining molecules were found ...