Photobiomodulation (PBM), often also known as low-level laser therapy, is a non-invasive method of treatment. It employs specific wavelength red and infrared light induces several physiological responses in cells tissues that form the foundation PBM. This treatment photochemically stimulates to produce chemicals, such adenosine triphosphate, reactive oxygen species, calcium ions, etc. contribut...

Esthetic restorative dentistry presents multiple challenges for the restorative team. One of the most significant challenges is achieving an accurate match of a single maxillary central incisor crown. This procedure may very well be one of the most critical procedures in esthetic restorative dentistry. Accurate shade selection and shade matching are a paramount step for achieving a natural blen...

Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (laser) has been used widely in a range of biomedical and dental applications in recent years. In the field of restorative dentistry, various kinds of lasers have been developed for diagnostic (e.g. caries detection) and operative applications (e.g. tooth ablation, cavity preparation, restorations, bleaching). The main benefits for laser a...

Nanotechnology has been creating its niche in various aspects of dentistry and restorative dentistry and endodontics are no exceptions [1,2]. Nanotechnology deals with nanostructures, which may assume the form of surface nanoroughness, nanopits, nanomountains or nanoparticles. The properties at Nano scale differ significantly from the properties at bigger scale because of the increased surface ...

1Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea 2The State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610042, China 3Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Otago, School of Dentistry, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand 4Department of Oral Biological Sciences, University Lyon ...

Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative Sciences, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan Department of Conservative Dentistry, King’s College London Dental Institute at Guy’s, King’s College and St. Thomas`s Hospitals, London, UK Center of Excellence Program for Frontier Research of Molecular Destruction and Reconstruction of Tooth and ...