Diabetes is a set of diseases characterized by defects in insulin utilization, either through autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells (Type I) or insulin resistance (Type II). Treatment options can include regular injections of insulin, which can be painful and inconvenient, often leading to low patient compliance. To overcome this problem, novel formulations of insulin are being inve...

PURPOSE To study the influence of inspiratory flow rate on the fine particle mass and the particle size distribution for metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) glucocorticoid products, in vitro. To compare the performance of MDI and DPI inhalers containing the same drug and strength at an impaction flow rate of 60 L/min. METHODS The Marple Miller cascade impactor model 150 an...

in this study, the dispersion mechanisms of aerosols suspended in a turbulent plane channel flow is investigated using a novel numerical approach. a turbulent channel flow is simulated by a direct numerical simulation (dns) method, for which no-slip boundary conditions are assumed at the top and bottom walls, while periodicity conditions are applied on the other sides. dns, in particular, allow...

OBJECTIVES Determine whether surface dust grab samples taken from a large military base in Iraq are toxic and respirable. METHODS X-ray diffraction for mineral content, x-ray fluorescence for elemental content, in vivo mouse dust challenges for assessment of histological changes, bronchoalveolar lavage for cytokines, polarizing light microscopy for crystals in lung tissue, and Fluorescence Ac...

Respirable crystalline silica dust generated during stone crushing operations has been linked to chronic lung disease and increased risk of tuberculosis. In India, most stone crushing mills operate without any dust control or containment systems. This investigation in the Khurda District of Orissa demonstrated a reduction in respirable particulate mass following the application of a fine mist o...

Application of Arc-GIS for Zoning Occupational Exposure Levels to Respirable Crystalline Silica in Crushing Factories

Since 1982 standard calibration materials recommended for respirable crystalline silica analysis by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) P7 Infrared Method and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Analytical Method 7500 have undergone minor changes in size distribution. However, a critical assumption has been made that the crystal...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess personal exposure to fibres, crystalline silica, silicon carbide (SiC) and sulphur dioxide in the Norwegian SiC industry. METHODS Approximately 720 fibre samples, 720 respirable dust samples and 1400 total dust samples were collected from randomly chosen workers from the furnace, processing and maintenance departments in all three Norwegian SiC p...

Fluoride concentrations were determined in PM10 samples collected in the urbanized coastal area of the Baltic Sea (Gdynia) in the period between 1 August 2008 and 8 January 2010. F(-) concentrations remained within the range of 0.4-36.6 ng · m(-3). The economic transformations which have taken place in Poland increasing ecological awareness have had an excellent effect on the levels of fluoride...