abstract previous studies on willingness to communicate (wtc) have shown the influence of many individual or situational factors on students’ tendency to engage in classroom communication, in which wtc has been viewed either at the trait-level or situational level. however, due to the complexity of the notion of willingness to communicate, the present study suggests that these two strands are ...

In the present study, the fishing status and production of caviar from wild sturgeon as well as the stocks rehabilitation of these species in the Caspian Sea have been analyzed over the past few years. Unfortunately, due to certain reasons such as overfishing and poaching, destruction of spawning areas and natural habitats, environmental pollution and reduced the number of released juveniles st...

abstract tasks nowadays are at the center of attention in sla research. task types is one of the critical issues in this regard, their effectiveness and suitability to any particular context, their characteristics and the result they yield are among some of these issues. on the other hand, discourse markers (dms) have been very much investigated and their effectiveness in conveying the meaning...

Extended abstract   1- Introduction Coastal environments are one of the most sensitive environmental systems under the influence of dominant hydrodynamic processes. Coastal changes and evolution are occurring very fast. Coastal areas are now gradually becoming known as severe natural and man-made disturbances, including sea levels rising, coastal erosion and sedimentation, and over-exploitat...

abstract this quasi-experimental study was aimed at examining the impact of storyline complexity on the grammatical accuracy and complexity of advanced and intermediate efl learners. a total of 65 advanced and intermediate efl learners were selected from iran language institute (ili). an intact group including 35 intermediate participants and another intact group with 30 advanced participants ...

drought is transient phenomenon , slow , repetitive and integral part of the climate of each region. drought begins with a substantial reduction in precipitation over the long-term average rainfall and over time, reduced soil moisture and surface and ground water resources will continue to decrease. this phenomenon is the most important in bakhtegan basin because of its importance in strategic ...