An accurate estimation of soil electrical conductivity (EC) using hyperspectral techniques is great significance for understanding the spatial distribution solutes and salinization. Although spectral transformation has been widely used in data pre-processing, performance different pre-processing (or combination methods) on models same set still ambiguous. Moreover, extremely randomized trees (E...

We analyzed the major quality characteristics of red pepper powders from various regions and predicted these nondestructively using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology. conducted partial least squares regression analysis on 70% (n=71) acquired data to examine characteristics. Rc2 values >0.8 were obtained for ASTA color value (0.9263) capsaicinoid content (0.8310). The ...

Immunocompetence of animals fluctuates seasonally, However, there is little consensus on the cause of these fluctuations. Some studies have suggested that these patterns are influenced by changes in reproductive condition, whereas others have suggested that differences result from seasonal variations in energy expenditures. The objective of our study was to examine these contrasting views of im...

background and objectives: soil organic carbon is a main soil property and particularly important for development and sustainable management of agricultural systems. soil organic matter content, which is typically measured in the form of soil organic carbon soc content, is commonly regarded as a key indicator of soil quality and utilization (liu et al., 2015). the presence of som has been prove...

Gene flow and potential for Sin Nombre virus (SNV) trafficking of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was studied in Delta and Mesa counties of western Colorado (USA). The study areas included Grand Mesa and surrounding grazing and agricultural areas. This area has several natural potential barriers to rodent gene flow, including rivers, cliffs, and mountains. Ten study sites were utilized ...

The 5' untranslated region (UTR) of retroviruses contain structured replication motifs that impose barriers to efficient ribosome scanning. Two RNA structural motifs that facilitate efficient translation initiation despite a complex 5' UTR are internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and 5' proximal post-transcriptional control element (PCE). Here, stringent RNA and protein analyses determined the 5...

The human brain undergoes complex reorganization and changes during aging. Using graph theory, scientists can find differences in topological properties of functional brain networks between young and elderly adults. However, these differences are sometimes significant and sometimes not. Several studies have even identified disparate differences in topological properties during normal aging or i...

<abstract> <p>Two handheld near infrared (NIR) spectrometers were used to quantify crude protein ($CP$) content of mixed forage and feedstuff composed Sweet Bran, distiller's grains, corn silage, stalk. First was a transportable spectrometer, which measured in the visible NIR ranges (320–2500 nm) with spectral interval 1 nm (H1). Second smartphone from 900–1700 4 (H2). Spectral data...