In the present paper we propose to describe gene networks in biological systems using probabilistic algorithms. We describe gene duplication in the process of biological evolution using introduction of the replica procedure for probabilistic algorithms. We construct the examples of such a replica procedure for hidden Markov models. We introduce the family of hidden Markov models where the set o...

The replica method is applied to a neural network model with state-dependent synapses built from those patterns having a correlation with the state of the system greater than a certain threshold. Replica-symmetric and first-step replica-symmetry-breaking results are presented for the storage capacity at zero temperature as a function of this threshold value. A comparison is made with existing r...

In this paper, we investigate the replica interference problem of a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) receiver with a beam switching antenna (BSA) within the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) framework. Our frequency-domain analysis has revealed the following important findings: (i) without co-existing system, replica interference in the system can be completely avoided as l...

abstract background: esophageal replacement is indicated in certain circumstances including long gap esophageal atresia, severe strictures due to gastro-esophageal reflux (ger) and caustic burns. we analyzed our results of 18 patients who underwent esophageal replacement in our university hospital. methods: we reviewed esophageal replacements carried out in our department between june 1996 and ...

This article examines the significance of some recent architecture and urban demolitions in Berlin. As an example present-day iconoclasm heart Europe, relevance these cases lies not only destruction politically-charged artefacts, but also their replacement with replicas eighteenth-century architecture, thus materializing a Prussian revival nostalgia for country’s royal past. In 2006, Berlin ini...

The Low Latency Fault Tolerance (LLFT) system provides fault tolerance for distributed applications, using the leader-follower replication technique. The LLFT system provides application-transparent replication, with strong replica consistency, for applications that involve multiple interacting processes or threads. The LLFT system comprises a Low Latency Messaging Protocol, a Leader-Determined...

As more and more applications with dynamic files are introduced in peer-to-peer (P2P) systems, file consistency maintenance becomes important. In this paper, we propose a novel file consistency maintenance algorithm, called Update P ropagation Through Replica Chain (UPTReC), for decentralized and unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. UPTReC provides a probabilistically guaranteed file consis...