Syria’s support of Iran in the Gulf War needs explanation, surprising as it has both Arabs and non-Arabs. That Syrian policy is not self-explanatory can be attributed to pre-existing expectations about inter-Arab relations, whereby Arab states would stand by each other whenever challenged by foreign powers, even if those powers happened to be Islamic states. Demonstrating Arab solidarity become...

Many countries, including the Arab have sought to establish free zones because of their important economic importance diversify financial income, especially in rentier light trend towards capitalist economy what has been produced by globalization, addition that many countries turned establishing world to, support economy, field attracting foreign investments for these regions, and using them tr...

In September 2017, the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq held a referendum for independence despite high likelihood heavy retaliation. contrast to narrative that presents decision as result gross miscalculation, this article offers an alternative explanation highlighting role played by Kurdish nationalism in upholding structures power region. The current class structure, institutional frame...

Difference is not an epiphenomenon of socio-spatial relations, but a genuine worldmaking driving-force, provided that it the handling difference paves way to specific interactions end up shaping society and, ultimately, space. There exists merely ‘a world difference’ because, and out of, differences. This article offers neo-Hegelian analysis spatial basis politico-economic ethnic-social differe...

The Financial Independence Retire Early (FIRE) community consists of individuals each personally dedicated to reducing consumption, so as build up financial surpluses that are eventually adequate live off. While it shares certain features in common with other ‘financial independence’ ideologies and self-help communities, one thing distinguishes is the emphasis on frugality. Freedom comes consis...

While the concept of a ‘financial elite’ has become prominent within politics and social sciences, it is not clear what value holds for analysis inequalities income, wealth power under financial capitalism. Who are elite, distinguishes them from other economically powerful groups? We delineate ‘distributive’, ‘categorical’ ‘relational’ approaches to elites, arguing that various unresolved tensi...

This theoretical paper synthesises research on the foundational economy and its contribution to a social–ecological transformation. While thinking offers rich concepts policies transition towards such transformation, it fails grasp systematic non-sustainability of capitalism. weakness can be overcome by enriching contemporary with feminist ecological economics. Whereas critique problematises th...