AS TROPICAL BIOLOGISTS, MANY OF US ESPOUSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION to our students, our peers, and sometimes to the media and general public. In doing so, we are helping to spread the word, to inform the populace about the importance of tropical nature and the many perils it faces. But the things we talk about are often general in nature, such as the looming dangers of deforestation, or the ...

idiomatic expressions are considered as a part of everyday language. in other words, they are the essence of each language and one of the most problematic parts to cope with, especially in the process of interlingual translation. furthermore, there is sometimes no one-to-one equivalent for the idioms of the source language (sl) in the target language (tl). this study aimed at investigating the ...

In this paper, we investigate the epidemic spreading for SIR model in weighted scale-free networks with nonlinear infectivity, where the transmission rate in our analytical model is weighted. Concretely, we introduce the infectivity exponent α and the weight exponent β into the analytical SIR model, then examine the combination effects of α and β on the epidemic threshold and phase transition. ...

Infections of the respiratory and GI tracts are among the most common diseases of piglets worldwide and cause substantial economic loss to swine producers. Effective immunity to these infections needs a specific response at the surface of the tract (Bozic et al., 2002). However vaccine formulation and delivery to these surfaces remains a major challenge. Recent evidence of this type of immune r...

Vaccines are among most victorious and gainful public health strategies for averting deadly communicable disease. Thus far, most of the accessible immunization programs reached children younger than 5 years which have effectively reduced worldwide infant and child death. Consequently; thousands of adults and hundreds of children still die every year in the earth from vaccinepreventable serious ...

Snake bite is an important and serious global health issue. Till date anti snake venom serum is the only therapeutic remedy available for treating the snake bite victims. Infusion of ASV may lead to adverse reactions ranging from pruritus, urticaria to potentially fatal anaphylaxis. The development of ASV is also a costly and time consuming process requiring ideal storage conditions. Though Ant...

this study was an attempt to investigate iranian and spanish intermediate nonnative english learners’ request strategies to their faculty. to this aim, 74 (50 iranian and 24 spanish) nonnative english intermediate learners participated in this study. a discourse completion test (dct) was used to elicit the request strategies used by the participants. the findings suggested the participants empl...

clusters are geographically close groups of related companies or institutions related to a certain area which are inherently more efficient than the other companies due to advantages such as being located in one place, networks, external knowledge, variability of human capital, etc. today, development through clusters plays a pivotal role in the economic and industrial policies of developed cou...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon gamma (IFN-'y) are pleuripotent cytokines and have multiple functions during the inflammatory response. Using a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis, we studied the role of TNF and IFN-y in myocardial inflammation. Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against TNF-cx/f and IFN-ywere administered to myosin-immunized A/J mice to assess the effect on the s...

Tyrosine (Tyr) is an essential amino acid in phenylketonuria (PKU) because of the limited hydroxylation of phenylalanine (Phe) to Tyr. The recommended intakes for Tyr in PKU are at least five times the recommended phenylalanine intakes. This suggests that Phe and Tyr contribute approximately 20 and 80%, respectively, of the aromatic amino acid (AAA) requirement (REQ). In animals and normal huma...