sayyed mortaza is one of the noble imami scholors in 4-5th century and an specialist in some different islamic disciplines such as fegh, kalam, tafsir. he believed the preference of reason in explaining and criticizing of the traditions. this article addresses his views on relation of reason and narration. he uses reason to criticize and interpret narrations. reason in his view has an independe...

the main purpose of this survey is to study the use of‘dalil aqhl’ in jurisprudential ideas of shekh ansari as oneof the greatest ‘shia’ jurisprudents. the method is basedon analyzing of jurisprudential content and has donethrough studying his relevant book. the result shows thathe blive that wisdom is an inward messenger so heaccepted it as a reason, the indipendent wisdom warrant isacceptable...

abstract the discrimination between the meanings of science and religion, and the determination of the precise relationship between these two domains are the prerequisites of rectifying the meaning and the essence of religious science in the eyes of theologist mesbah. expressing the status of the science in the system of scientific religion, and the right contemplating of the impacts of religio...

This article argues that looking solely for the immediate causes of reproductive change may distort our understanding of policy options by failing to take into account the historical and cultural factors that affect not only the impact of policies and programs but the very existence and nature of these policies and programs. The article examines the historical origins and spread of " modern " i...

atholic health care is embedded in a moral tradition that has been formed by a profound dynamic between word and deed, thought and action, theory and practice. The ministry's words, thoughts, and theories have been informed by a larger faith tradition encompassing the Scriptures; the official teachings of the church; reflections and ideas of theologians; and the insights of philosophers, econom...

Abstract experiences of life including religious and spiritual beliefs to make sense of life events and to cope with crises. They will have a range of preconceived ideas, fears, concerns and fantasies which are usually linked to their stage of cognitive development and prior experiences. This article provides examples of expressions of spiritual beliefs across childhood, related to a discussion...

Results: Conflict introduced by religion is common and occurs in 3 types of settings: (1) those in which religious doctrines directly conflict with medical recommendations, (2) those that involve an area in which there is extensive controversy within the broader society, and (3) settings of relative medical uncertainty in which patients “choose faith over medicine.” In response to such conflict...

The phenomenon of altruism extends from the biological realm to the human socio-cultural realm. This paper sketches a coherent outline of multiple types of altruism of progressively increasing scope that span these two realms and are grounded in an ever-expanding sense of “self.” Discussion of this framework notes difficulties associated with altruisms at different levels. It links scientific i...

My focus in this essay is to illustrate, through a detailed analysis of one particular article, the range of fallacious tactics that are used in attacks against religious faith. This article espouses a characterization of faith as a “mind virus,” more technically called a meme. Before analyzing this article, some brief background on memes seems appropriate. The term meme was first introduced by...