BACKGROUND Guarding pain after rat plantar incision is similar to pain at rest in postoperative patients. Spontaneous activity (SA) in nociceptive pathways quite likely transmits such ongoing pain. This study examined the extent of tissue injury by incision on pain behaviors and nociceptor SA. METHODS Rat pain behaviors were measured after a sham procedure, skin incision, or skin plus deep ti...

BACKGROUND We describe the anatomical and functional outcomes of eyes that underwent a modified technique of relaxing retinotomy, dashed line relaxing retinotomy, in the management of retinal detachment with anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 54 consecutive eyes in 52 patients who received pars plana vitrectomy with relaxing retinotomy during retinal...

It has been reported by several groups of workers that incubation of the relaxing factor granar of muscle with magnesium and adenosine triphosphate results in the formation of a soluble relaxing substance capable of inhibiting the magnesium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity of myofibrils or actomyosin (3-6) and the contraction of single glycerinated muscle fibers (7). In addition, Uri...

tragacanth gum is one of the most important medicinal and industrial productsof rangelands and is obtained from the incision of gum tragacanth-producing astragalusincluding astragalus keyserlingii. the conservation of astragalus species in rangelandshas a special place in terms of economic profit and soil conservation. the increase in priceof gum tragacanth in recent years and more attention of...

background surgery, as the main approach in higher stages of gynecomastia, has different techniques regarding the staging of the disease. the more the grade of gynecomastia, the more complicated the used surgical techniques, conventionally. this study assessed the success rate of the simplest surgical technique in higher grades of gynecology as well as the satisfaction rate in patients and surg...

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Multiple ownership [4] introduced a novel approach to managing object ownership information called “owners-as-boxes”. Each object is placed in a “box” or context and the nesting relationship between “boxes” or contexts respects the object accesses that happen during the program’s execution. No restrictions are placed on which objects are allowed to access which other objects, rather the ownersh...