Evidence increasingly suggests that information about the relation between stimuli can impact responses on implicit measures, but those measures were not designed to capture this in a controlled manner. Relational have therefore been developed assess such relational more specific Such used beliefs variety of contexts. However, despite numerous theoretical inferences having made under premise th...

We report a large-scale coronal wave (so-called “EIT wave”) observed with high cadence by EUVI onboard STEREO in association with the GOES B9.5 flare and double CME event on 19 May 2007. The EUVI instruments provide us with the unprecedented opportunity to study the dynamics of flare/CME associated coronal waves. The coronal wave under study reveals deceleration, indicative of a freely propagat...

Public and private organizations in various areas are setting up digital Information Infrastructures (IIs) for interconnecting government, businesses and citizens. IIs can create value by sharing and integrating data of multiple actors. This can be the basis for value added services and especially collaborations of public and private partners can make IIs thrive. Easier access to integrated ser...

We review the current status of the ’Parker hypothesis’ which suggests that the solar corona is heated by a multitude of small flare-like events called nanoflares. Space-born coronal imagers such as SXT, EIT or TRACE have allowed to test Parker’s hypothesis observationally. Combining the results from different authors it seems that we are close to falsifying the hypothesis, i.e. there are not e...

This article reports a pioneering case study of a crowdsourced law-reform process in Finland. In the crowdsourcing experiment, the public was invited to contribute to the law-reform process by sharing their knowledge and ideas for a better policy. This article introduces a normative design framework of five principles for crowdsourced policymaking: inclusiveness, accountability, transparency, m...

Firms make investments in technology to increase productivity. But in emerging markets, where a culture of informality is widespread, information technology (IT) investments leading to greater transparency can impose a cost through higher taxes and need for regulatory compliance. This tendency of firms to avoid productivity-enhancing technologies and remain small to avoid transparency has been ...

Naming transparencies, i.e., abstracting the name and binding of the entity being used from the endpoints that are actually doing the work, are used in distributed systems to simplify application development by hiding the complexity of the environment. In this paper we demonstrate how to apply traditional distributed systems naming and binding techniques in the Web Services realm. Specifically,...

Transparency in 3D graphics has traditionally been created by ordering the transparent objects from back-to-front with respect to the viewpoint, and rendering the opaque objects first and then the transparent objects in the prescribed order. This has three major disadvantages: need for splitting intersecting polygons, repeated ordering for varying view points, and finally, incorrect transparenc...