OBJECTIVES To investigate the relative impact on publication bias caused by multiple publication, selective publication, and selective reporting in studies sponsored by pharmaceutical companies. DESIGN 42 placebo controlled studies of five selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors submitted to the Swedish drug regulatory authority as a basis for marketing approval for treating major depression ...

In this paper we test the hypothesis that the economic transition toward a market economy increases the efficiency of firms. We study 32 Polish electricity distribution companies between 1997-2002, by applying common benchmarking methods to the panel: the nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA), the free disposal hull (FDH), and, as a parametric approach, the stochastic frontier analysis ...

The Virus-Serum-Toxin Act of 1913, as amended in 1985, provides the legal basis for the regulation of veterinary vaccines and related biological products in the United States of America (USA). The regulatory authority for the issuance of licences and permits that allow the shipment or importation of pure, safe, potent, and effective veterinary biological products lies with the Center for Veteri...

Carbon markets are flourishing around the globe, created both by governments and by nonstate actors. In this article, I investigate when and why governments choose to interact with and use private rules about carbon offsets in public regulatory arrangements. The analysis demonstrates that there is “blurring” between public and private authority, insofar that there are a multiple interactions be...

Introduction: Extensive use of diagnostic radiology is the largest contributor to total population radiation doses. Thus, appropriate equipment and safe practice are necessary for good-quality images with optimal doses. This study aimed to perform quality control (QC) audit for radiography and fluoroscopy devices owned by private sector in Syria (2005-2013) to verify compliance of performance o...

Title: ESSAYS IN COMPARATIVE INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS Peter Grajzl, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Directed By: Professor Peter Murrell Department of Economics This dissertation examines how decentralized institutional structures and organizational forms evolve and affect economic development under different politicoeconomic and legal arrangements. Organized legal professions are typically viewed by...

Mobile applications provide limitless possibilities for the future of medical care. Yet these changes have also created concerns about patient safety. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the authority to regulate a much broader spectrum of products beyond traditional medical devices like stethoscopes or pacemakers. The regulatory que...

The Independent System Operator or ISO is the lead actor in the various proposals for a deregulated, competitive electric power industry. The ISO has three possible objectives: security maintenance, service quality assurance, and promotion of economic e ciency and equity. To achieve these objectives the ISO may be authorized to set the rules for transactions between suppliers and consumers, sch...

Brian Ward is to be congratulated on stating so clearly the reasons for a monitoring system being necessary for any adverse events that could be related to vaccination (1). I believe the reticence of governments about inaugurating surveillance systems has several causes. First, although WHO encourages its Member States to develop and sustain a monitoring system, they still do not see the need f...

INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking is largely driven by the reinforcing properties of nicotine. Intravenous (IV) self-administration procedures are the gold standard for investigating the reinforcing effects of psychoactive drugs. The goal of this review was to examine the results of published investigations of the reinforcing effects of nicotine measured using IV self-administration procedures in ...