BACKGROUND In 2012, the ItalianMinistry of Health issued the National Immunization Prevention Plan (Piano Nazionale Prevenzione Vaccinale, or PNPV 2012-2014), with the aim of harmonizing immunization strategies across the country and ensuring equitable access to infectious disease prevention to all citizens. The Plan defines the immunization standards all regions should comply with. OBJECTIVE...

a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30333, United States of America. Correspondence to Elizabeth T Luman (e-mail: [email protected]). doi: 10.2471/BLT.07.045328 In recent years, vaccination campaigns targeting a wide age-range of children have been part of global strategies to eradicate polio1 and reduce measles mortality.2 Achieving uniformly high coverage in the target area ...

Over the past several decades, rocky desertification has led to severe ecological problems in karst areas in South China. After a rocky desertification treatment project was completed, the vegetation coverage changed greatly and, consequently, increased the ecology water consumption (approximately equal to the actual evapotranspiration) of the regional vegetation. Thus, it intensified the regio...

BACKGROUND Data aggregation in national information systems begins at the district level. Decentralization has given districts a lead role in health planning and management, therefore validity of administrative-based estimates at that level is important to improve the performance of immunization information systems. OBJECTIVE To assess the validity of administrative-based immunization estimat...

OBJECTIVE To present treatment coverage rates and risk factors associated with uncorrected refractive error in Australia. METHODS Thirty population clusters were randomly selected from all geographic remoteness strata in Australia to provide samples of 1738 Indigenous Australians aged 40 years and older and 3098 non-Indigenous Australians aged 50 years and older. Presenting visual acuity was ...

The purpose of implementation-based testing is to gain a measure of confidence in the correctness of the software by providing adequate coverage of the code. One unit of testing in object-oriented software is a class. However, classes use other classes and if class interactions form a cycle of dependencies then, to test a client class that uses an untested supplier class, stubs must be construc...

The role and support of the local government (Pemda) is very important in National Health Insurance (JKN-KIS) program to encourage Universal Coverage (UHC) by expanding coverage participation, improving service quality, increasing compliance. One efforts that can be made Regional Government participation integrate (Jamkesda) into JKN-KIS program. existence regulatory fragmentation disharmony me...

BACKGROUND There is a growing international commitment to universal health coverage (UHC), but limited means to determine progress towards that goal. We developed a practical index for capturing health service coverage - a critical dimension of UHC -- that was more inclusive than previous methods. METHODS Our data included publicly-available, indicators reflecting health service delivery, inf...