The EO Propagation objectives are: 1) investigate, develop and evaluate fine and coarse mode aerosol models and their effects on visibility and target detection in visible and IR wavelengths 2) Integrate and develop simple, realistic extinction, scintillation and refractivity models for infrared propagation near the ocean surface, 3) develop and evaluate advanced marine radiance models that are...

The diagnostic value of the hemagglutination inhibition test for Newcastle disease has been established for some years (Brandly et al., 1946). The question of the relationship of the hemagglutination inhibition activity (HI) of immune sera to virus-neutralizing activity (SN) or to the refractivity of the host to challenge infection is still one of both fundamental and practical importance. Data...

We compare the random error statistics (uncertainties) of COSMIC (Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate, C1) COSMIC-2 (C2) radio occultation (RO) bending angles refractivities months August 2006 2021 over tropics subtropics using three-cornered hat method. The uncertainty profiles are similar two RO missions in troposphere. However, a higher percentage C2 reach ...

Reference refractivity values have been derived for the anaesthetic agents halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane which are traceable to national measurement standards. A simple method and equation have been derived for the application of these data to the measurement of agent concentration by refractometry. The main instrumental sources of uncertainty associated with this...

Abstract Due to climate change, intensive storms and severe precipitation will continue happen, causing destructive flooding. In July 2021, a series of with prolonged rain episodes took place in Europe. Several countries were affected by floods following that rainfall, many deaths material damage. Thus, good understanding forecasting such events are uttermost importance. This study highlights t...

The new tellurite glasses with chemical composition 64TeO2-15CdO-(20-x) ZnO-xLi2O-1V2O5 (x= 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol %) were synthesized by traditional melt quench hardening method. glass samples showed broad humps of typical amorphous phase in the X- ray diffraction patterns. physical properties such as density (ρ), molar volume (Vm), oxygen packing (OPD), refractive index (n), refractivity (Rm...

Maritime safety relies on navigation, detection, and radio communication technologies that function through electromagnetic radiation. Propagation of radiation can be impacted by a disruptive phenomenon known as ducting. Our four-week study using X-band coastal radar various meteorological marine observations, including vertical profiles temperature, humidity wind, in early spring 2022 conclude...