Several basic physical concepts of applying eq. Ik = I sigma Nxt to surface microanalysis by reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (REELS) are clarified. Here Ik and I are the integrated intensities of the core ionization edge and the low loss part, sigma is the scattering cross section of element x with atomic concentration Nx, and t is the specimen thickness. The reflected inelastic el...

Techniques previously utilized for chemical analysis of enamel surfaces are generally unsuitable for in-vivo testing. This study explored the utility of internal reflection spectroscopy (IRS) as a non-destructive method for enamel-surface analysis. Powders (enamel plus reference inorganic materials) and solids (flattened and unaltered enamel slabs) were analysed by IRS. Most samples were mounte...

We present the development and first application of a novel dual-color total internal reflection (TIR) fluorescence system for single-molecule coincidence analysis and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). As a performance analysis, we measured a synthetic DNA-binding assay, demonstrating this dual-color TIR-FCCS approach to be a suitable method for measuring coincidence assays su...

Infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS), also called infrared external reflection spectroscopy, is used for studying ultrathin hybrid clay films prepared by the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) method. Infrared spectra of the hybrid films have been obtained at the air–water and air–solid (gold) interface. The presence of a smectite monolayer is observed when cationic surfactants are spread ov...

We present a quantitative method for identification of the dynamic range of the detectable absorption coefficient in the analysis of transmission terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy data. In transmission measurements the largest detectable absorption coefficient is determined by the dynamic range of the THz signals, whereas in reflection measurements the largest detectable absorption coeff...

Angle-resolved reflection spectroscopy is used to study surface plasmon polariton modes of metallic gratings consisting of sub-wavelength grooves. The used optical set-up allows recording of zero and m = −1 order reflection spectra in the visible and near infra-red spectral region. The different modes and their mutual coupling was identified in the dispersion diagram by means of modal theory. S...

The application of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and imaging to differentiate flat and curved surfaces in reflection via the THz Gouy phase shift is demonstrated. For a THz-TDS system that is aligned for reflection from a flat surface, the presence of a curved surface displaces the image focal plane from the detector plane, resulting in a Gouy phase shift. The potential of utiliz...

A theoretical study of linear wave scattering by time-periodic spatially localized excitations (discrete breathers) is presented. A peculiar effect of total reflection occurs due to a Fano resonance when a localized state originating from closed channels resonates with the open channel. For the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger chain, we give an analytical result for the frequency dependence of th...

An overview on high-resolution and fast interrogation of optical-fiber sensors relying on laser reflection spectroscopy is given. Fiber Bragg-gratings (FBGs) and FBG resonators built in fibers of different types are used for strain, temperature and acceleration measurements using heterodyne-detection and optical frequency-locking techniques. Silica fiber-ring cavities are used for chemical sens...