INTRODUCTION Muscle pain is common, but the understanding of its causes is still patchy. This article addresses the mechanisms of some important types of muscle pain. METHODS Selective literature review, predominantly of data derived from neuroanatomical and electrophysiological experiments on anesthetized rats. RESULTS Muscle pain is evoked by specialized nerve endings (nociceptors). Impor...

BACKGROUND Pain is often inadequately evaluated and treated in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). OBJECTIVE We sought to assess pain levels and pain treatment in 400 hospitalized patients at a national referral hospital in western Kenya, and to identify factors associated with pain and pain treatment. DESIGN Using face-validated Kiswahili versions of two single-item pain assessment tools, the Numeri...

Although eye pain is often accompanied by redness or injection, pain can also occur with a quiet eye. Pain in a quiet eye can be the first sign of a vision-threatening condition, a more benign ophthalmologic condition, or a nonophthalmologic condition. Acute narrow-angle glaucoma is an emergent vision-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment and referral to an ophthalmologist. Al...

A systematic approach to chronic nonmalignant pain includes a comprehensive evaluation; a treatment plan determined by the diagnosis and mechanisms underlying the pain; patient education; and realistic goal setting. The main goal of treatment is to improve quality of life while decreasing pain. An initial comprehensive pain assessment is essential in developing a treatment plan that addresses t...

Carpal tunnel syndrome of mild to moderate severity can often be effectively treated in a primary care environment. Workplace task modification and wrist splints can reduce or defer referral to hospital for surgical decompression. Nerve and tendon gliding exercises may also be of benefit. Steroid injections to the mouth of the carpal tunnel are particularly useful for symptomatic women in the t...

Context: Vitamin B6, which is known as pyridoxine, used a nutritional supplement for many therapeutic purposes in medical centers. Women's health important because they are assumed the guarantors of societies. Breast pain common complaint women reproductive age and one most reasons women’s referral to The present study reviewed impact vitamin B6 on breast pain. Evidence Acquisition: In order ga...

BACKGROUND Elderly patients visiting pain clinic may be at greater risk of misunderstanding the explanation because of age-related cognitive decline. Video instruction may provide a consistent from of teaching in a visual and realistic manner. We evaluated the effect of educational video on the patient understanding and satisfaction in a group of geriatric patients visiting pain clinic. METHO...

BACKGROUND This study evaluated the impact on clinical outcomes using a cloud computing system to reduce percutaneous coronary intervention hospital door-to-balloon (DTB) time for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS A total of 369 patients before and after implementation of the transfer protocol were enrolled. Of these patients, 262 were transferred through protocol wh...