Referential knowledge is vital for resolving various problems in NLP, such as anaphora resolution. For example, we have the referential knowledge that diagnose is most likely a member of the referential relation ‘doctor diagnose patient’s illness’. Nariyama et al. (2005) presented an inventory of such referents as doctor, collected from Japanese dictionary definition sentences. Such referential...

Self-referential processing is a core component of social cognition. However, few studies have focused on whether self-referential processing deficits present in bipolar disorder. The current study combined a high-time-resolution event-related potential (ERP) technique with the self-referential memory (SRM) task to evaluate self-referential processing in 23 bipolar patients and 27 healthy contr...

This study tested the prediction that individual differences in intuition would interact with positive affect (PA) to predict referential thinking, in a nonclinical sample. Participants (N = 146) completed questionnaires measuring PA, intuition, referential thinking, personality traits, depression, anxiety, and meaning in life. Controlling for anxiety and depression and traits, the interaction ...

The operations in the set of fuzzy numbers are usually obtained bythe Zadeh extension principle. But these definitions can have some disadvantagesfor the applications both by an algebraic point of view and by practicalaspects. In fact the Zadeh multiplication is not distributive with respect tothe addition, the shape of fuzzy numbers is not preserved by multiplication,the indeterminateness of t...

ODe of the essential problems in natural language production and understanding is the problem of processing referential relations. In this paper I describe a model for representing and processing referential relations: referential nets with attributes. Both processes (analyzing and generating referential expressions) are controlled by attributes. There are two types of attributes, on one hand, ...

Two event-related brain potential experiments were conducted to investigate the functional interplay between discourse-level referential processing and local syntactic/semantic processing of phrases. We manipulated both the syntactic/semantic coherence of a noun phrase (NP) and the referential ambiguity of the same NP. Incoherence of the NP elicited a P600 effect in both experiments. Referentia...

The default-mode network (DMN) of the brain shows highly coherent intrinsic activity in healthy subjects and is implicated in self-referential processing important for social cognitive functioning. Schizophrenia patients show abnormal resting-state connectivity within the DMN and this aberrant connectivity is thought to contribute to difficulties in self-referential and introspective processing...

Second-gradient continua are defined as those whose internal virtual work functionals depend on the first and second-gradient of displacement. These can be represented either in Lagrangian (referential) or Eulerian (spatial) description thus defining respectively Piola–Lagrange well Cauchy–Euler stress double-stress. In this paper, we deduce Piola transformation formulae, i.e., relationships be...