Abstract We report the detection of an atmosphere on a rocky exoplanet, GJ 1132 b, which is similar to Earth in terms size and density. The atmospheric transmission spectrum was detected using Hubble WFC3 measurements shows spectral signatures aerosol scattering, HCN, CH 4 low mean molecular weight atmosphere. model loss process conclude that b likely lost original H/He envelope, suggesting we ...

Insertion of introns into cloned cDNA of two isolates of the plant potyvirus pea seedborne mosaic virus facilitated plasmid amplification in Escherichia coli. Multiple stop codons in the inserted introns interrupted the open reading frame of the virus cDNA, thereby terminating undesired translation of virus proteins in E. coli. Plasmids containing the full-length virus sequences, placed under c...

BACKGROUND The last case of polio associated with wild poliovirus (WPV) indigenous to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) was reported in 2001, marking a major milestone toward polio eradication in Africa. However, during 2006-2011, outbreaks associated with WPV type 1 (WPV1) were widespread in the DRC, with >250 reported cases. METHODS WPV1 isolates obtained from patients with acute f...

Hemorrhagic hypotension in anesthetized dogs produces a marked decrease of the cortical blood flow, whereas the medullary blood flow is well preserved. These animals were maintained at blood pressures of 50 mm Hg during a 3 hr period after which their blood pressures were restored by the reinfusion of blood or dextran, or both. In the first group of animals, the reinfusion of blood reestablishe...

Tumorigenicity and oncogene expression were examined in HepG2 derived cells, a human hepatoma cell line. HepG2 cells and a single cell clonal HepG2 line, HLD2-6, were equally tumorigenic when injected s.c. into athymic nude mice. Cyclophosphamide pretreatment of both cell lines (500 micrograms cyclophosphamide/ml/two cell cycles) had no effect on tumor incidence or latency (P greater than 0.05)...

The in vitro expression level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) correlates with the metastatic potential of human melanoma cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the expression level of IL-8 in human melanoma cells is influenced by the organ microenvironment. A375P cells, a low metastatic human melanoma, and A375SM cells, a highly metastatic variant, were injected into the subcutis (s....

OBJECTIVE To study the possible action of inosine on experimental ventricular tachyarrhythmias. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used 92 mongrel dogs weighing 13 kg-17 kg, anesthetized with 30 mg/kg sodium pentobarbital applied intravenously. Myocardial lesions were induced by injecting 1 ml-1.5 ml of 70% phenol in the free wall of the left ventricle. In 36 dogs, the ventricular arrhythmia (VT) was in...

Literary compositions are very often analyzed using various constituent units like words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs. Unlike the conventional research that focuses on aforementioned units, our task is a statistical effort carried out most fundamental unit of any literary composition called varna , or character, followed by automated classification learning algorithms. This article case ...

The phenylpropanoid pathway serves a central role in plant metabolism, providing numerous compounds involved diverse physiological processes. Most carbon entering the is incorporated into lignin. Although several mutants show seedling growth arrest, for lignin and development unexplored. We use complementary pharmacological genetic approaches to block CINNAMATE-4-HYDROXYLASE (C4H) functionality...