INTRODUCTION Immature teeth with open apices treated with conventional nonsurgical root canal treatment often have a poor prognosis as a result of the increased risk of fracture and susceptibility to recontamination. Regenerative endodontics represents a new treatment modality that focuses on reestablishment of pulp vitality and continued root development. This clinical procedure relies on the ...

We give a new proof of the result, due to A. LaPaugh, that a graph may be optimally " searched " without clearing any edge twice. o 19~~ Academic PWS, IIIC. Let us regard a graph as a system of tunnels containing a (lucky, invisible, fast) fugitive. We desire to capture this fugitive by " searching " all edges of the graph, in a sequence of discrete steps, while using the fewest possible " guar...

Abstract Background Microbial contamination of high-touch surfaces (HTS) in health care settings contributes to pathogen transmission. HTS quickly become re-contaminated after disinfection. A quaternary ammonium (QA) and isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based disinfectant (Sani-24®) with reported continuously active disinfection (CAD) properties for up 24 hours has been associated reduced microbial buil...

INTRODUCTION Approximately one billion people world-wide lack access to adequate amounts of safe water. Most are in developing countries, especially in rapidly expanding urban fringes, poor rural areas, and indigenous communities. METHODS In February and March 2005, a field study of 107 households was conducted to evaluate the use and performance of the Manz BioSand filter in the Artibonite V...

Consider a tree network that has been contaminated by a persistent and active virus: when infected, a network site will continuously attempt to spread the virus to all its neighbours. The decontamination problem is that of disinfecting the entire network using a team of mobile antiviral system agents, called cleaners, avoiding any recontamination of decontaminated areas. A cleaner is able to de...

Four studies were conducted to a similar experimental design in the U.S. to evaluate the effectiveness of doramectin injectable administered to yearling stocker cattle in the control of gastrointestinal nematodiasis over the subsequent grazing period. Studies were conducted in Wisconsin (WI) and Arkansas (AR) during the summer season. The other two studies were conducted in Georgia (GA) and Mis...

One of the highest self-reported incidence rates of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) in the global peer-reviewed literature occurs in Inuit communities in the Canadian Arctic. This high incidence of illness could be due, in part, to the consumption of contaminated water, as many northern communities face challenges related to the quality of municipal drinking water. Furthermore, many Inuit ...

The World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes point-of-use water treatment (PoUWT) technologies as effective means to improve water quality. This paper investigates long-term performance and social acceptance of a novel PoUWT technology, a silver-infused ceramic tablet, in Limpopo Province, South Africa. When placed in a water storage container, the silver-embedded ceramic tablet releases silv...

In a previous study, we showed that coagulase positive staphylococci (CPS), which are often used as indicators for S. aureus, are frequently found on pig carcasses at slaughter. Further characterization of the CPS identified only a minor part as S. aureus. Selected non-S. aureus strains were all identified as S. hyicus, However, two studies have described also in this species strains that produ...

In graph searching, a team of mobile agents aims at clearing the edges of a contaminated graph. To clear an edge, an agent has to slide along it, however, an edge can be recontaminated if there is a path without agents from a contaminated edge to a clear edge. To goal of graph searching is to clear the graph, i.e., all edges are clear simultaneously, using the fewest number of agents. We study ...