The continual recirculation of lymphocytes between the blood, tissues, and lymph is essential for the coordination and dissemination of immune responses. We have compared the functional and phenotypic properties of lymphocytes isolated from blood and lymph, the two major migratory populations. Lymph-borne lymphocytes migrated readily into the lymphatic recirculation pathway, but greater than on...

The potential of recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in the aquaculture industry is increasingly being acknowledged. Along with intensified application, the need to better characterise and understand the accumulated dissolved organic matter (DOM) within these systems increases. Mature RASs, stocked with rainbow trout and operated at steady state at four feed loadings, were analysed by disso...

Discharge of raw domestic wastes containing human enteric viruses into water courses, consumption of untreated water from canals, streams, and shallow wells in villages, and cross-contamination of water in the distribution system because of intermittent water supply in urban areas continue to cause widespread outbreaks of infectious hepatitis in India. To detect a low number of viruses in 50- t...

The optimal water flow in fish breeding tanks is one of the crucial elements necessary for well-being and proper growth fish, such as salmon or trout. Considering round uneven distribution water-flow velocity, ensuring a nearly an important task that may be performed using various sensors installed to monitor flow. Nevertheless, observing rapid development video analysis methods considering inc...

Biosecurity is defined as the implementation of measures that reduce the risk of disease agents being introduced and/or spread. For pig production, several of these measures are routinely implemented (e.g. cleaning, disinfection, segregation). However, air as a potential vector of pathogens has long been disregarded. Filters for incoming and recirculating air were installed into an already exis...

The optimal operation of commercial hydroponic systems depends mainly on the appropriate timely management of the available water sources, especially under saline conditions, as well as on the optimal management of fertilizer injection. In this paper, a decision support system (DSS) for the optimal, on-line, water and fertilizer management of hydroponics is presented. An on-line system, which o...

In this study, the total number of aerobic hetetotrophic bacteria (AHB) in early-stage biofilm formed on different plastic types commonly used daily life, namely polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) was investigated a water recirculating test system. The Golden Horn Estuary’s as system water. operated continuously for 504 h and natural formation ensured. physicochemical prope...

Recycling shrimp farming water is a way to address the trend toward circular economy in Vietnam's coastal regions while also reducing quantity of effluent that released into environment. In order explore potential for waste recycling, this study investigates pond system highly intense Littopenaeus vannamei culture area Ca Mau province. The balance approach was used assess how effectively farms ...