The reversible aggregation of red blood cells (RBC) into linear and three-dimensional structures continues to be of basic science and clinical interest: RBC aggregation affects low shear blood viscosity and microvascular flow dynamics, and can be markedly enhanced in several clinical states. Until fairly recently, most research efforts were focused on relations between suspending medium composi...

Human erythrocytes bearing electroinserted full-length CD4 (RBC-CD4) can bind and fuse with a laboratory strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) or with T cells infected by HIV-1. Here we show that RBC-CD4 neutralize primary HIV-1 strains in an assay of cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV-1-infected persons with uninfected PBMC. RBC-CD4 inhibited vi...

Maintenance of a reducing redox balance is a critical physiologic function of red cells (RBC) that can be perturbed in variety of RBC pathologies. Here we describe a new approach to evaluate in vivo RBC redox status using a redox sensitive GFP (roGFP2) sensor under control of a β-globin mini-promoter, directing expression specifically to erythroid cells. RoGFP2 expressing RBCs demonstrate ratio...

For studying plasma and red blood cell (RBc) electrolytes, we have developed a method that allows frequent accurate and reproducible sampling of both plasma and RBC. We determined that for our purposes, a 1.0-nil volume of sample was optimum. Although the 1.0-nil “Class A” Ostwald-Folin blow-out pipet and the standard “Class A” transfer pipet were adequate for sampling plasma, they were not ade...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule of major importance modulating not only the function of the vascular wall but also that of blood cells, such as platelets and leukocytes. The synthesis of NO in the circulation has been attributed mainly to the vascular endothelium. Red blood cells (RBC) have been demonstrated to carry a non-functional NOS and--due to their huge haemoglobin content--hav...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate erythrokinetics and in vitro red blood cell (RBC) glucose utilization, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate production, and adenosine triphosphate levels following incubation in AKR mice from early in life until the onset of AKR lymphoma. Normal BALB/c mice served as controls. While hemoglobin concentration and RBC survival remained constant and similar in both group...

Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization may occur following transfusion or pregnancy/delivery. Although observational human studies have described the immunogenicity of RBC antigens and the clinical significance of RBC alloantibodies, studies of factors influencing RBC alloimmunization in humans are inherently limited by the large number of independent variables involved. This manuscript reviews ...

We previously showed that the covalent modification of the red blood cell (RBC) surface with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG; MW D5 kD] could significantly attenuate the immunologic recognition of surface antigens. However, to make these antigenically silent RBC a clinically viable option, the mPEG-modified RBC must maintain normal cellular structure and functions. To this end, mPEG-derivati...

We reported previously that spline interpolation is effective as a pretreatment before analyzing clinical data by time series. However, further improvement is required to understand the detailed tendency of clinical data. In this study, the tendency of interpolated hematological data was investigated in the period between the most tolerated dose (MTD) and low-dose chemotherapy (LDC) for colorec...

Experimental observations show that a strong magnetic field has a dramatic influence on the sedimentation of RBCs, which motivates us to model the sedimentation of red blood cell (RBC) under strong external magnetic body force. To model the sedimentation of a RBC in a square duct and a circular pipe, a recently developed technique derived from the lattice Boltzmann and the distributed Lagrange ...