We describe the design of a proposed source of ultra-fast synchrotron radiation x-ray pulses based on a recirculating superconducting linac, with an integrated array of ultrafast laser systems. The source produces x-ray pulses with duration of 10-50 fs at a 10 kHz repetition rate, with tunability from EUV to hard x-ray regimes, and optimized for the study of ultra-fast dynamics. A high-brightne...

The new regime of resonant nuclear photoexcitation rendered possible by x-ray free electron laser beams interacting with solid state targets is investigated theoretically. Our results unexpectedly show that secondary processes coupling nuclei to the atomic shell in the created cold high-density plasma can dominate direct photoexcitation. As an example we discuss the case of Mo isomer depletion ...

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Using magnetic fields to differentiate the effects of electrons and x-rays, it was discovered that single strand breaks in supercoiled DNA were mainly caused by the energetic ultrafast electrons rather than the ultrafast x-ray photons emitted from the same table-top ultrafast x-ray source. At constant pulse energy of the driving laser pulses, shorter laser pulses produced more strand breaks tha...

We report the first demonstration of soft x-ray amplification in an elongated plasma column produced by laser irradiation of a gas puff target. The gas puff target is formed by the pulsed injection of gas from a high-pressure solenoid valve through a nozzle in the form of a narrow slit. The plasma column to be used as an x-ray laser active medium is produced by irradiating the gas puff target w...

In this work, potential of the nanosecond laser processing technique on manipulating the surface wettability of 316L bio grade stainless steel is investigated. Results show that the steel wettability toward water, improves significantly after the laser treatment. Different analyses are assessed in correlation with wettability using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Scanning Tunneling Microsco...

An X-ray preionised, discharge excited ArF excimer laser, = 193 nm, has been studied in the long pulse regime. The laser performance is found to be primarily dependent on the discharge stability, and therefore, on the gas composition, preionization timing and the pumping power. Using X-ray preionization and prepulse-mainpulse excitation, laser pulselengths of up to 120-ns full-width at half-max...

We present a study of direct laser driven electron acceleration and scaling of attosecond bunch compression in unbound vacuum. Simple analytical expressions and detailed three-dimensional numerical calculations including space charge and non-paraxial laser fields reveal the conditions for compression to attosecond electron sheets. Intermediate emittance minima suitable for brilliant x-ray gener...

Electromagnetically induced transparency is predicted for x rays in laser-dressed neon gas. The x-ray photoabsorption cross section and polarizability near the Ne K edge are calculated using an ab initio theory suitable for optical strong-field problems. The laser wavelength is tuned close to the transition between 1s(-1)3s and 1s(-1)3p approximately 800 nm). The minimum laser intensity require...

We have developed a novel laser ray-tracing method to measure aberrations in optical systems. It consists of delivering narrow laser pencils (by a laser scanner), recording the spots that are formed on the image plane (with a CCD camera), and computing the position of each centroid. This approach could be considered an experimental (approximate) implementation of standard numerical ray tracing....