How does it work? During a mammogram, a patient’s breast is placed on a flat support plate and compressed with a parallel plate called a paddle. An x-ray machine produces a small burst of x-rays that pass through the breast to a detector located on the opposite side. The detector can be either a photographic film plate, which captures the x-ray image on film, or a solid-state detector, which tr...

We investigated the magnetic structure of an orthorhombic YMnO(3) thin film by resonant soft x-ray and hard x-ray diffraction. We observed a temperature-dependent incommensurate magnetic reflection below 45 K and a commensurate lattice-distortion reflection below 35 K. These results demonstrate that the ground state is composed of coexisting E-type and cycloidal states. Their different ordering...

Thin films of polystyrene on silicon substrate were investigated for thickness-dependent interface properties. To better understand the desirable electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of a polymer thin film, the interfacial structures must be first understood. Using x-ray reflectivity, data from polystyrene-air and polystyrene-silicon interfaces were collected and correlated with a the...

A 56-year-old woman was referred for investigation of hibasal interstitial infiltrates on chest x-ray film. The patient gave a six-month history o)f increasing dyspnea on exertion and palpitations. Vital signs included a regular heart rate of 90 beats/mm; blood pressure, 100/70 mm Hg; and respiratory rate, 15/mimi. Cardiovascular exanuination was normal apart from sonic accentuation of the firs...

The corrosion behavior of oxygen-free copper in anoxic sulfide solutions under nuclear waste disposal conditions was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with a focused ion beam (FIB), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Micro X-ray diffraction ( XRD). The film growth process and mechanism were elucidated using an Au mark...

Graphene oxide (GO) thin films were simply deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate via a low-voltage electrodeposition. The GO and GO thin films were characterized by Zeta Potential, X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrosc...

The Gd2O2S:Tb based phosphor coupled with photodetectors has been widely used in digital x-ray imaging applications. The key issues associated with phosphor film are x-ray absorption and conversion efficiency, spatial resolution, deposition uniformity, and integration with the imaging array. In this article we report on experimental studies of the phosphor film synthesis, deposition, and charac...

The atomic structure of an electrodeposited Ni catalyst film is dominated by extensive di-μ-oxido bridging between Ni(III/IV) ions, as revealed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The structure is surprisingly similar to that of an analogous Co-based film and colloidal Mn-based catalysts. Structural requirements for water oxidation are discussed.

-Ia3d bicontinuous cubic phases are interpreted as constituted of a fluid film of constant thickness supponed by the gyroid minimal surface. We first compute the gyroid structure factor. Then we decorate the surface by the film. We compute the diffracted intensities and compare to X-ray intensities measured in some lipid

The perpendicular x-ray strain of epitaxial CoSi2 films grown on Si(lll) substrates at ""' 600°C by MBE was measured at various temperatures. Within experimental error margins, the strain decreases linearly with rising temperature at a rate of (1.3±0.1) x lo-s ;oc from room temperature up to 600°C. Over that temperature range and the duration of a complete measurement (""' .5h to ""' 2h), these...