Aggregation of microbes with particles can reduce the effectiveness of ultraviolet UV disinfection. This study evaluated the comparative impact of dispersed spores, dispersed spores mixed with clay particles nonaggregated , spore–spore aggregates, and spore– clay aggregates on UV disinfection performance in simulated drinking waters. Aggregates were induced by flocculation with alum and charact...

Different types of sediments in salt marsh have different physical and chemical characters. Thus sediment type plays a role in plant competition and growth in salt marsh ecosystems. Spartina anglica populations have been increasingly confined to upper elevation gradients of clay, and the niche sediment has changed. Because the niches of S. anglica and the native species Scirpus triqueter overla...

Guan S., An N., Liu J.H., Zong N., He Y.T., Shi P.L., Zhang J.J., He N.P. (2018): Warming impacts on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus distribution in soil water-stable aggregates. Plant Soil Environ., 64: 64–69. A five-year (2010–2015) field experiment was conducted to investigate warming impacts on organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and their ratios in b...

In recent years, Pillared InterLayered Clays (PILCs) have been widely used in several applications; in particular in adsorption and catalysis. The research interest in this family of solids has increased considerably. Clay minerals provide distinct nanometer-scaled layers and interlayers for engineering them as active catalysts. As such, strategic design and preparation has led to a variety of ...

The effect of orientation of vermiculite particles on the diffusion of Na ion was measured by a tracer technique. The diffusion measurements were made on pellets prepared by pressing freezedried vermiculite in a cylindrical die and the diffusion coefficient evaluated by a thin-film boundary condition of Fick's law. Because flakes of vermiculite were highly oriented under the pressing force, it ...

-The adsorption of butanol, hexanol, and octanol on alkylammonium montmoriUonites of different chain length is similar to the distribution of alcohol between an organic solvent and water in bulk solution. Successive expansion of the clay layers starts at critical alcohol/cation ratios of 0.6 or lower which are biased mean values due to the heterogeneity of the cation density of the mineral. In ...