Based on legal opinions of a number of recent jurists, The Islamic penal code, approved in 2013, In the part of Retaliation, has passed a sentence of Retaliation on the perpetrator of abortion in case some conditions are met, including the criminal intent in the perpetrator, The occurrence of criminal result or permanence of its outcome after the fetus birth, and the proving of viability in him...

the ability to speak two languages in the world is a remarkable achievement. there is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world because 70% of the earth’s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition, and this influence is adapted by the de...

One of the actions that judicial authorities are conducting in preliminary investigations is the issuance of an inspection order for homes, places and individuals. Implementation of these orders may in certain cases contradicts individual rights and freedoms, and in particular the privacy of individuals. In this regard, the main question of the research is that what evolutions has the Inspectio...

Aims: One of the cases of intentional crimes, which is mentioned in the Islamic Penal Code is typically lethal behavior. The exact criteria for which have not been determined. In practice, this shortcoming has led judges to try to assess the defendant's behavior using views of forensic experts. Despite the efforts made, we have in some cases been confronted with different opinions and perceptio...

Sometimes he commit all crimes, but he does not achieve the result again. If this failure to fail to achieve the result is due to a lack of subject matter or a failure to act as a means of committing a crime, it would be impossible to commit a crime. Regarding the method of this research, which is fundamental (descriptive-analytic), by referring to the principled books, we find that the Shichr(...

In recent years many considerations have been considered in order to protect the rights of patients. Studying patients' rights can be seen as an observance of the basic values of human rights, such as respect for individuals on which the rights of patients are based. Rights of patients reflect medical rights and human rights, and the basis for improving patients' health.In Iran's Islamic penal ...

  The primary principle of international Criminal law is territorial principle. However, in several special cases, Countries tend to extend their local territory of criminal law to extra territorial Jurisdiction. It means that, if providing commitment crime out of their territory of autonomy, they will decide that their provision and courts to consider the crime. For example, when occurring a c...

With the approval of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013, the Iranian legislator introduced some of the community-based punishments into the legal literature of the country which their effectiveness requires the provision of various contexts at different levels of legislation, judiciary and administration.The present article has tried to critique alternative sentencing sentences as a unit of...