Human cells contain four homologous Ras proteins, but it is unknown whether these homologues have different biological functions. As a first step in determining if Ras homologues might participate in distinct signaling cascades, we assessed whether a given Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor could selectively activate a single Ras homologue in vivo. We found that Ras-GRF/Cdc25Mm activates Ha...

Topological spaces—such as classifying spaces, configuration spaces and spacetimes—often admit directionality. Qualitative invariants on such directed spaces often are more informative, yet more difficult, to calculate than classical homotopy invariants because directed spaces rarely decompose as homotopy colimits of simpler directed spaces. Directed spaces often arise as geometric realizations...

The purpose of this study was to investigate 1) the effect of feet distance on static postural balance and 2) the location of natural feet distance and its possible role in the relationship of feet distance and postural balance. Static balance tests were performed on a force platform for 100 s with six different feet distances (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 cm). Measures of postural balance included mea...

The constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) of a first-order theory T is the computational deciding whether given conjunction atomic formulas satisfiable in some model T. We study complexity CSP$(T_1 \cup T_2)$ where $T_1$ and $T_2$ are theories with disjoint finite relational signatures. prove that if temporal structures, i.e., structures all relations have definition $(Q;<)$, then P or NP-compl...

Conditionally specified Gaussian Markov random field (GMRF) models with adjacency-based neighbourhood weight matrix, commonly known as neighbourhood-based GMRF models, have been the mainstream approach to spatial smoothing in Bayesian disease mapping. In the present paper, we propose a conditionally specified Gaussian random field (GRF) model with a similarity-based non-spatial weight matrix to...

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of accelerometer output, in counts (ActiGraph GT1M) and as raw accelerations (ActiGraph GT3X+ and GENEA), with ground reaction force (GRF) in adults. Ten participants (age: 29.4 ± 8.2 yr, mass: 74.3 ± 9.8 kg, height: 1.76 ± 0.09 m) performed eight trials each of: slow walking, brisk walking, slow running, faster running and box drops. GRF...

Gene-regulation functions (GRF) provide a unique characteristic of a cis-regulatory module (CRM), relating the concentrations of transcription factors (input) to the promoter activities (output). The challenge is to predict GRFs from the sequence. Here we systematically consider the lysogeny-lysis CRMs of different temperate bacteriophages such as the Lactobacillus casei phage A2, Escherichia c...

This study investigated how changes in the material properties of a landing mat could minimise ground reaction forces (GRF) and internal loading on a gymnast during landing. A multi-layer model of a gymnastics competition landing mat and a subject-specific seven link wobbling mass model of a gymnast were developed to address this aim. Landing mat properties (stiffness and damping) were optimise...

The importance of the measurement of human locomotion for the processes of diagnosis and treatment of locomotion disorders is increasingly being recognized. Human locomotion, in particular walking and running are defined by sequences of cyclic gestures. The variability of these sequences can reveal abilities or motorskill failures. The purpose of this study is to analyze and to characterize a r...