Pectin administered to Uncaria tomentosa cell suspension cultures, was found to increase the production of triterpene acids (ursolic and oleanolic acid), however, neither growth nor sterol accumulation were affected. Cell cultures showed that pectin treatment caused a rapid threefold increase in the activities of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of C(5) and C(30 )isoprenoid, such as isopent...

Protein synthesis during germination of Bacillus megayerium spores can be divided into two stages. During the first 75 min of germination (Stage I) endogenous nitrogen reserves are sufficient to support protein synthesis, and most amino acids are generated by proteolysis of dormant spore protein. The amino acids produced are excreted initially from the spore, but then reabsorbed and partially u...

Emergence of rapid drug resistance to existing antimalarial drugs in Plasmodium falciparum has created the need for prediction of novel targets as well as leads derived from original molecules with improved activity against a validated drug target. The malaria parasite has a plant plastid-like apicoplast. To overcome the problem of falciparum malaria, the metabolic pathways in parasite apicopla...

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency syndrome includes clinically heterogeneous mitochondrial diseases that show a variety of severe and debilitating symptoms. A multiprotein complex encoded by nuclear genes carries out CoQ10 biosynthesis. Mutations in any of these genes are responsible for the primary CoQ10 deficiency, but there are also different conditions that induce secondary CoQ10 deficiency i...

Challenging tomato or tobacco varieties with ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) from the fungus Trichoderma viride causes rapid induction of plant defence responses leading to programmed cell death. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we isolated a novel protein, tomato small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (T-SUMO), which specifically interacts with EIX. T-SUMO, a cytoplasmic protein, is a mem...

Previous investigations have indicated that, in bacteria, the rapid acceleration of the biosynthetic reactions leading to the biosynthesis of the pyrimidine nucleotides of ribonucleic acid accumulation of RNA, proteins, and phospholipids (10). The a,nd deoxyribonucleic acid proceeds as shown in Scheme 1 (1, 2). following study was undertaken to investigate the possibility Whether this is the ma...

The green model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii recently emerged as a sustainable production chassis for the efficient biosynthesis of recombinant proteins and high-value metabolites. Its capacity scalable, rapid light-driven growth in minimal salt solutions, its simplicity genetic manipulation “Generally Recognized As Safe” (GRAS) status are key features application industrial biotechnolog...

Vanillin has been widely used as a flavoring agent in the food industry and precursor medicine polymer industries. However, use of chemically synthesized vanillin is prohibited some other Additionally, harsh conditions toxic substrates lead to environmental challenges energy waste. With rapid development synthetic biology, biological production from renewable resources through microbial ferment...

An outstanding challenge toward efficient production of biofuels and value-added chemicals from plant biomass is the impact that lignocellulose-derived inhibitors have on microbial fermentations. Elucidating the mechanisms that underlie their toxicity is critical for developing strategies to overcome them. Here, using Escherichia coli as a model system, we investigated the metabolic effects and...

The accumulation of phytoalexins against microbial attacks is one of the im portant defense responses in higher plants [1, 2], The induction of the phytoalexins which is triggered after the recog­ nition of signal materials “elicitors” by plant cells is initiated at the transcription level of specific genes. Synthesis of specific enzymes results in the de novo activation of a secondary metaboli...