index tracking is the process of developing a portfolio that reproduces the performance of an index. the tracker portfolio has relatively good diversity and low turnover and low transaction costs. in this paper we applied a binary programming model for index tracking problem. in this model the number of assets for portfolio construction is defined by portfolio manager. the robust optimization f...

Due to the complexities of objects and the vagueness of the human mind, it has attracted considerable attention from researchers studying fuzzy classification algorithms. In this paper, we propose a concept of fuzzy relative entropy to measure the divergence between two fuzzy sets. Applying fuzzy relative entropy, we prove the conclusion that patterns with high fuzziness are close to the classi...

Computational uncertainty quantification in a probabilistic setting is a special case of a parametric problem. Parameter dependent state vectors lead via association to a linear operator to analogues of covariance, its spectral decomposition, and the associated Karhunen-Loève expansion. From this one obtains a generalised tensor representation. The parameter in question may be a tuple of number...

Modeling human ratings data subject to raters' decision uncertainty is an attractive problem in applied statistics. In view of the complex interplay between emotion and making rating processes, final choices seldom reflect true underlying responses. Rather, they are imprecisely observed sense that a non-random component uncertainty, namely uncertainty. The purpose this article illustrate statis...

an enterprise resource planning (erp) software is needed for industries and companies that want to develop in future. many of the manufactures and companies have a problem with erp software selection. an inappropriate selection process can affect both the implementation and the performance of the company significantly. although several models are proposed to solve this problem many of them did n...