The microbiological safety of horticultural plants (vegetables, fruits, spices, flowers, other edible crops, ornamental plants, etc [...]

The differential discrimination of nitrogen isotopes (15N/14N) within amino acids in consumers and their diets has been routinely used to estimate organismal tropic position (TP). Analogous isotopic discrimination can occur within plants, particularly in organs lacking chloroplasts. Such discrimination likely arises from the catabolic deamination of amino acids, resulting in a numerical elevati...

Flower color is the main character throughout the plant kingdom. Though substantial information exists regarding the structural and regulatory genes involved in anthocyanin and flavonol biosynthesis, little is known that what make a diverse white vs. red color flower in natural species. Here, the contents of pigments in seven species from varied phylogenetic location in plants with red and whit...

This study used three-dimensional (3D) micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging to examine petal form variation in a hybrid cross of Sinningia speciosa between a cultivar with actinomorphic flowers and a variety with zygomorphic flowers. The major objectives were to determine the genotype-phenotype associations between the petal form variation and CYCLOIDEA2-like alleles in S. speciosa (SsCYC) a...

Pollination systems are composed of flowering plants and flower visitors, engaging into mutualistic interactions. However, the flower visitors include true pollinators, which pollinate the flower by visiting it through the legitimate way, and also by cheaters, which use the flower′s resources (e.g. nectar and pollen) without pollinating it or been just marginally efficient on pollination. On th...

Bryophytes are the first lands plants that include three distinct lineages: mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They differ primarily from the flowering plants by lacking roots, flowers, seeds, and a defined system of tissues for transporting fluids throughout the plant. Bryophytes reproduce not by seeds, but rather, single-celled spores. Many bryophytes can also form new plants by vegetative me...

the genus tanacetum is one of the most important medicinal plants that contains 26 species in iran, 12 of them are endemic. this paper reports the essential oil composition of  tanacetum angulatum willd. tanacetum canacens dc. and tanacetum pinnatum boiss. growing wild in iran. plant flowers and leaves were collected from different locations of north- west of iran. samples were hydro-distilled ...

Two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses regarding the benefits of andromonoecy (producing perfect and female-sterile flowers on the same plant) are tested using Solanum carolinense. Results indicate that (1) staminate flowers are cheaper to produce than perfect flowers, even after correcting for their relative position in the inflorescence; (2) the resources saved by producing staminate flowers a...

Background: The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the sexual reproduction and the resource allocation in a natural Polygonatum humile population grown in a temperate mixed forest gap. For this aim, the plant size, the node which flower was formed, the fruiting rate, and the dry weight of each organ were monitored from June 2014 to August 2015. Results: Firstly, in 3–13-l...

Pollen movement within and among plants affects inbreeding, plant fitness, and the spatial scale of genetic differentiation. Although a number of studies have assessed how plant and floral traits influence pollen movement via changes in pollinator behavior, few have explored how nectar chemical composition affects pollen transfer. As many as 55% of plants produce secondary compounds in their ne...