Though warm rain from low-level liquid clouds contributes significantly to the global precipitation and water cycle, it has been missed or underestimated by satellite remote sensing techniques. IR techniques miss all warm rain because they rely on cloud top temperature. Over land, passive microwave techniques miss all warm rain because they rely on ice scattering at high frequency channel. Over...

Rain, fog drip, shallow soil water and groundwater were collected for two years (2002-2003) for stable isotopic analysis, at a tropical seasonal rain forest site in Xshuangbanna, Southwest China. The fog drip water ranged from -30 to +27 per thousand in deltaD and -6.2 to +1.9 per thousand in delta(18)O, conforms to the equation deltaD=7.64delta(18)O+14.32, and was thought to contain water that...

Land reclamation in coastal areas may have a significant effect on local ground water systems. Steady-state analytic solutions based on Dupuit and Ghyben-Herzberg assumptions are derived to evaluate this effect. Two situations are considered, both with ground water flow resulting from precipitation recharge: the coastal aquifer of an extensive landmass and an island. The results show that after...

Supplemental irrigation under prolonged drought conditions has a key role in providing water for transpiration of rain-fed fig trees. The effect of different times and amounts of supplemental irrigation at different distances from the tree trunk on quantity and quality of Estahban rain-fed fig production was evaluated during two years. A randomized complete block design with four replications o...

This paper presents a new energy-harvesting system with two identical piezoelectric energy harvesters in a tandem configuration. Each harvester consists of a piezoelectric beam and a circular cylinder. Experiments are performed to investigate the energy-harvesting performances of this system in water. It can be found that their energy-harvesting performances are all different from that of the s...

Abstract Rain gardens have been recognized as an effective device for on-site runoff volume reduction and storm water quality enhancement. A rain garden is designed as an infiltration basin with a shallow, wide water storage volume. The sub-base underneath the basin bottom is structured as a two-layered filtering medium. The upper sand layer provides the required filtering process and then the ...