one of the main resonator factors in watershed soil erosion is inappropriateland management including conversion of pasture land to dry-land farming.unfortunately, the changes of gara su watershed usages have been very common.thus, in order to understand the influence of land use on runoff rate and soil loss, soillosses were investigated and determined under both pasture and dry-land agricultur...

The dump, with the compact rock platform and high steep loose slope that is formed during coal mining, most serious area of soil erosion in a surface mine. Ground fissures are typical geological hazard mining areas. However, effect ground on remains unclear. Rainfall experiments were conducted to determine varying characteristics wetting front, runoff sediment production, denudation rate, as we...

The wind erosion stochastic simulator (WESS) is a single event wind erosion model that is the core of the wind erosion submodel of the environmental policy integrated climate (EPIC) erosion model. WESS uses inputs of soil texture, erodible particle diameter, soil roughness, soil water content, crop residue, and 10 min average wind speeds to predict the erosion at several user-selected distances...

[1] We examined the effects of snow, event size, basin size, and forest harvest on floods using >1000 peak discharge events from 1953 to 2006 from three small (<1 km), paired‐watershed forest‐harvest experiments and six large (60–600 km) basins spanning the transient (400–800 m) and seasonal (>800 m) snow zones in the western Cascades of Oregon. Retrospectively classified rain‐on‐snow events de...

Sir, The impact of raindrops has major consequences on the soil surface conditions. The effects of rain drop energy on erosion and infiltration have been investigated (Fernandes et al., 1997). Palmer (1965) found that a thin layer of water increases the effects of raindrop impact force on soil properties; this result has been confirmed by numerical simulation (Huang et al., 1983; Chang & Hills,...

The constant demand for increased capacity of communication channels has led the SATCOM industry to develop new satellite systems operating at frequencies above 20 GHz where large bandwidths are available (EHF band – Extremely High Frequencies). Nevertheless, attenuation effects of atmospheric gases, clouds and rain can reach significant levels at these frequencies and it is no longer cost-effe...

The 21-GHz satellite broadcasting enables to transmit high-capacity information such as ultrahigh-definition TV, 3D-TV and so on. However, the 21.4 to 22.0-GHz band suffers from considerable rain attenuation. In order to compensate it, the studies about a rain fade mitigation techniques have been done. One of the techniques proposed by NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories is an adapt...